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Psychology > Memory > Flashcards

Memory Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

What is capacity?

A

maximum amaount of information memory can hold

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2
Q

What is coding

A

how memory modifies information so it can be stored

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3
Q

What is duration?

A

length of time a memory stays stored

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4
Q

Multi-store model (MSM)

Who proposed the multi-store model?

A

Atkinson and Shiffrin 1968

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5
Q

Multi-store model (MSM)

What is the multi store model?

A

memory divided into a model of stages information passed through

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6
Q

Multi-store model (MSM)

What are problems with MSM?

A
  • oversimplifies memory
  • no account for different types of things to remember
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7
Q

Sensory memory

What is sensory memory?

A

everything we see, touch and taste

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8
Q

Sensory memory

What are the stores called in sensory memory?

A

Sensory registers

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9
Q

Sensory memory

What do the sensory registers do?

A

holds information gathered from senses for a short time

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10
Q

Sensory memory

What does multi sensory encoding include?

A
  • Iconic - visual
  • Echoic - sound
  • Haptic - touch
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11
Q

Sensory memory

What is the capacity of sensory memory?

A

large

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12
Q

Sensory memory

How long is information held in sensory memory?

A

milliseconds for visual and 2-3 seconds for auditory

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13
Q

Memory

What are the stores for encoding ?

A
  • acoustic - sound
  • visual - appearance
  • semantics - meaning
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14
Q

Short term memory (STM)

What is the main way of encoding in STM?

A

Acoustic

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15
Q

Short term memory (STM)

Where does evidence of encoding come from?

A

Substitution errors

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16
Q

Short term memory (STM)

What are substitution errors?

A

when people substitute information for similar information that needs to be learnt - likely to confuse info

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17
Q

Long term memory (LTM)

What is long term memory?

A

storage of info over a long period of time with potentially unlimited storage

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18
Q

Long term memory (LTM)

How long does it take for info to be transferred to LTM?

A

30 seconds

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19
Q

Long term memory (LTM)

What is the main encoding for LTM?

A

Semantic - meaning

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20
Q

Long term memory (LTM)

What are the types of LTM?

A

Declarative and procedural

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21
Q

Long term memory (LTM)

What is Procedural memory?

implicit

Study These Flashcards
A

unconscious skills that require no conscious thought eg. walking

22
Q

Long term memory (LTM)

What is declarative memory?

explicit

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A

Conscious memory we have for facts and events

23
Q

Long term memory (LTM)

What are the 2 types of declarative memory?

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A
  • semantic
  • episodic
24
Q

Long term memory (LTM)

What is semantic memory?

Study These Flashcards
A

general knowledge about the world

25
# Long term memory (LTM) What is episodic memory?
experiences and personal recollections of episodes of our lives
26
# Forgetting What is interference?
when one memory disrupts ability to remember another
27
# Forgetting What are the 2 types of interference?
- proactive - retroactive
28
# Forgetting What is proactive interference?
when previously learnt information interferes with new info
29
# Forgetting What is retroactive interference?
new information interfering with old info
30
# Forgetting What are the 2 types of forgetting?
- context - state
31
# Forgetting What is cue-dependent forgetting?
retreival failure - memorys stored in LTM but cant be accessed
32
# Forgetting What was Tulvings retreival failure forgetting theory? | 1972
We cant access a memory until the right cue is used
33
# Forgetting What is context dependent forgetting?
when environment during recall is different to the environment information was learnt
34
# Forgetting What is State-dependent forgetting?
when mood/psychological state is different during recall then when information was learnt
35
# Central executive WMM What is the central executive system?
a poorly nderstood component of wmm said to direct info to slave systems
36
# Central executive WMM What is the CE supported by?
2 slave systems that work independently to eachother
37
# Central executive WMM What are the slave systems?
- articulatory phonological loop - visuo-spatial sketchpad
38
# Central executive WMM What is the articulatory phonological loop?
holds information regarding words
39
# Central executive WMM What is the visuo-spatial sketchpad?
STM for visual and spatial information
40
# Episodic buffer What is Episodic buffer?
In the working memory model combining information from the other components to make a sensible memory
41
# Working memory model (WMM) Who proposed the working memory model?
Baddeley and Hitch
42
# Working memory model (WMM) What is the working memory model?
description of stm as a system with multiple components
43
# Working memory model (WMM) What are the strengths of the WMM?
- influential - evidential research to support - makes sense of a range of tasks
44
# Working memory model (WMM) What are the weaknesses of the WMM?
- doesnt offer complete understanding of how memory works - fails to account for musical memory
45
# Eye witness testimony What is EWT?
When a victim/witness of something recalls their account of events based upon what they visually remember
46
# Eye witness testimony Who was Loftus and what did she do?
a professor who did extensive research into ewt and its flaws based on external influence
47
# Eye witness testimony What are the 3 stages of EWT?
1. witness encodes details of event into LTM 2. witness retains information 3. witness retreives memory from storage
48
# Eye witness testimony Why are the 3 stages flawed?
after a shocking event or an event in gereral memory can quickly become distorted and reconstructed unaccurately
49
# Eye witness testimony Who led the misleading questions study?
Loftus and Palmer
50
# EWT What is a leading question?
a question which encourages a certain answer
51
# Eye witness testimony What was the misleading questions study?
a look into whether asking leading questions alters someones account of the situation post event.

Psychology (5 decks)

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