Memory

Question 1

Coding stm

Answer 1

Baddley acoustically similar words
Acoustic

Question 2

Coding ltm

Answer 2

Baddley semantically similar words tested after 20 mins
55% semantically similar
85% semantically dissimilar

Question 3

Capacity SR

Answer 3

3/4 all stimuli

Question 4

Capacity STM

Answer 4

Jacobs- digit span test researcher had sequence 4 digits and ppts had to repeat sequence in correct order then additional digit added
Digits 9.3
Letters 7.3

Question 5

Capacity STM

Answer 5

Miller magic number plus or minus 2 everyday items come in 7s
Can be increased by chunking splitting info into larger meaningful units

Question 6

Capacity LTM

Answer 6

Wagnaar conducted research on himself created diary of 2400 events over 6 years and tested himself on recall of them- excellent recall
Unlimited

Question 7

Duration SR

Answer 7

500 milliseconds

Question 8

Duration STM

Answer 8

Peterson and peterson
Trigrams
Asked ppts to remember three letters but then gave them interference task
Tested recall after 3,9,12,15,18 secs
Approx 18-30 secs

Question 9

Duration ltm

Answer 9

Bahrick
Tested 392 graduates On face and name recognition of people in class
After 15 years 90% with photo recognition
After 48years 70% with photo recognition
15 years no photo 60%
48 years 30%
Can last a lifetime

Question 10

Who came up with msm

Answer 10

Attkinson and shiffrin 1971

Question 11

Case study support msm

Answer 11

Hm had good ltm before accident but couldn’t create new memories because couldn’t transfer between stores

Question 12

Support msm

Answer 12

Primary recency effect glanzer and cunitz
Shown list words and asked to recall in any order remember first last best

Question 13

Supporting evidence different types ltm

Answer 13

HM and clive wearing episodic both very damaged but procedural functional eg clive wearing could still play piano

Question 14

Biological support types ltm

Answer 14

Neuroimaging by tulving pet scans during memory tasks
Episodic and semantic from prefrontal cortex
Left semantic
Right episodic

Question 15

Practical application types ltm

Answer 15

Belleville et al demonstrated episodic could be improved in older people who had mild cognitive impairment performed better in episodic memory test

Question 16

Against types ltm

Answer 16

Cohen and squire argue semantic and episodic should be in one store called declarative and procedural non declarative

Question 17

Who proposed wmm

Answer 17

Baddley hitch 1974

Question 18

Parts phonological loop

Answer 18

Phonological store- inner ear processes things hear
Articulatory process(inner voice) allows maintenance rehearsal

Question 19

Parts visuospatial sketchpad

Answer 19

Visual cache-stores visual data
Inner scribe- records visual arrangement objects in visual field

Question 20

Support wmm

Answer 20

Dual task experiments by baddley track spot of light whilst tracing F

Question 21

Clinical support wmm

Answer 21

KF had poor ability verbal info after brain damage but could process visual info

Question 22

Support effect anxiety

Answer 22

Johnson and scott low anxiety 49%
High anxiety 33%

Question 23

Not anxiety

Answer 23

Christianson and hubinette
Questioned 110 witnesses various bank robberies
People who directly threatened more
accurate recall events

Question 24

Anxiety graph

Answer 24

Yerkes dodson law
Optimum level anxiety

Question 25

Misleading information Leading questions

Answer 25

Loftus and palmer Highest guess 40.8 mph

Question 26

Misleading info post event discussion

Answer 26

Gabbert et al 71% falsely recalled things

Question 27

Support cognitive interview

Answer 27

Kohnken did meta analysis of 55 studies found significant increase accurate information recalled

Question 28

Supporting lab evidence interference theory

Answer 28

Mcgeoch mcdonald ppts had to learn a list of 10 words until 100% accuracy then learn a new list eg synonyms. Worst recall

Question 29

Correlation retroactive inference

Answer 29

Schmidt et al 2000 supported interference explanation of forgetting 211 old students from a dutch school and had to remember as many street name details as possible and correlation between times moved house and number roads remembered

Question 30

Context dependent forgetting

Answer 30

Godden and baddley divers

Question 31

Cognitive interview

Answer 31

Geiselman 89 students shown videos of violent crimes interviewed 48 hours later using either standard or cognitive 41.5 details remembered correctly vs 29.5

Question 32

Peterson and peterson after 18 secs

Answer 32

10% accurate recall