Memory

Question 1

What is memory?

Answer 1

Memory is recalling past events and information by means of encoding storage and retrieval

Question 2

What is encoding?

Answer 2

Putting info into a form of the brain can understand and getting it into memory

Question 3

What is automatic processing?

Answer 3

Type of encoding where you automatically remember something with no effort

Question 4

What is effortful processing?

Answer 4

Encoding where you have to work to memorize something

Question 5

What are the two main theories of how memory works

Answer 5

Information processing theory and parallel distributed theory

Question 6

What is info-processing theory?

Answer 6

Info is stored and retrieved piece by piece and moves among 3 memory storage during encoding storage and retrieval

Question 7

What are the 3 storage units of info-processing theory

Answer 7

Sensory memory > working memory > long term memory

Question 8

What are the two types of long term memory

Answer 8

Implicit: unconscious
Explicit: conscious

Question 9

How long can we hold sensory memory?

Answer 9

1/2 seconds

Question 10

How long can we hold info in working memory

Answer 10

5-9 items for 30 seconds

Question 11

What are the two types of explicit memory

Answer 11

Semantic: factual and episodic: personal events

Question 12

Is classically conditioned memories implicit or explicit long term storage?

Answer 12

Implicit

Question 13

What are the three best methods of encoding

Answer 13

Meaning, elaboration and mnemonic

Question 14

What are the 3 ways we can retrieve info?

Answer 14

Retrieval cues, context effects, priming

Question 15

What is priming?

Answer 15

One piece of info that helps us retrieve other related memories

Question 16

In a lecture, what information may we remember the best

Answer 16

Info from the beginning and info learned at the end

Question 17

Why might we do better on an exam where you learned the material?

Answer 17

Because of context effects, stimuli in the room might trigger a memory

Question 18

What are strategies of encoding info?

Answer 18

Spaced rehearsal: learning little bits over long periods
Organizing info

Question 19

What are ways we can organize info

Answer 19

Chunking, the PQRST methods, use schemas

Question 20

What does PQRST stand for

Answer 20

Preview, question, read, state, and test

Question 21

What is parallel distributed theory?

Answer 21

Memories are stored as part of a large integrated web of info and represented in the brain as a patten of activity

Question 22

Where does information processing theory originate from

Answer 22

In Early computer science

Question 23

What is visual sensory memory also called?

Answer 23

Iconic memory

Question 24

When was the idea of short term memory developed

Answer 24

1968 by Atkinson and shiffrin

Question 25

What did baddeley and hitch propose in 1974

Answer 25

Working memory and alternative made to short term memory

Question 26

What are the three systems within working memory?

Answer 26

Central executive, phonological loop, visuospatial notepad (episodic buffer)

Question 27

What subsystem was added in 2000 by baddeley?

Answer 27

Episodic buffer; links together info from other parts of working memory and also creates a link to time and order as well as to long term memory

Question 28

What is the phonological loop

Answer 28

Processes spoken and written info

Question 29

What is the visuospatial sketchpad?

Answer 29

Keeps track of images and spatial locations

Question 30

What did George sperling contribute to sensory memory in 1950/1960

Answer 30

When participants were flashed w/ a selection of letters, they could repeat it back perfectly if they said it immediately, but any later then a second and their performance declined

Question 31

When was rehearsal first practiced

Answer 31

As far back as 400 BC

Question 32

What are some flaws to phonological and visual code?

Answer 32

Confuse words or other visual items

Question 33

What are mnemonic devices?

Answer 33

Cognitive techniques that impose meaning on various pieces of info.

Question 34

What are schemas?

Answer 34

Knowledge bases that we develop based on prior exposure to similar experience or other knowledge bases

Question 35

Why are we we likely to remember the first few pieces of we receive in a lecture?

Answer 35

Because of the primacy effect

Question 36

What are examples of implicit memory

Answer 36

Motor habits, conditioned responses to stimuli and activated memories influenced by previous events

Question 37

What are the 3 factors that contribute to memory distortion

Answer 37

Source misinterpretations, misinformation, imagination

Question 38

What is an anterograde memory disorder

Answer 38

Can't form new memories

Question 39

What is an amnesiac disorder

Answer 39

Memory loss

Question 40

What is a retrograde memory disorder

Answer 40

Can't remember things before amnesia