memory

Question 1

what are the two different types of sport performance certifications

Answer 1

CEP (certified exercise physiologist)
-can work with anyone effectively

CPT (certified personal trainer)
-only supposed to work with healthy individuals 15-69
-more limited

Question 2

what organization certifies sports medicine physician

Answer 2

Canadian academy of sport and exercise medicine

Question 3

sports physiotherapists vs athletic therapistsq

Answer 3

sports physiotherapists focus primarily on rehab

athletic therapists also identify, manage, treat and rehab.

Question 4

what are the areas of expertise for a sports therapist (athletic therapists, sports physio)

Answer 4

-prevention,
-immediate care,
-clinical assessment,
-treatment, rehab, recondition

Question 5

what type of activities constitute prevention

Answer 5

conditioning,
equipment fitting and mods
screening

Question 6

what constitutes immediate care

Answer 6

injury recognition and management
emergency interventions and EAP
on and off field evaluation

Question 7

what constitutes clinical assessment

Answer 7

understanding pathology of injuries and illnesses
working with other medical practitioners

Question 8

what constitutes treatment, rehab

Answer 8

therapy skills
exercise based treatment and rehab
knowing exercise physiology
finding key performance indicators to guide rehab

Question 9

what are the tissue responses to strain

Answer 9

elastic -no deformation

plastic -semi permanent deformation

failure- injury

Question 10

which mechanisms cause injury

Answer 10

tension
compression
shearing
bending
torsion

Question 11

which mechanism of injury are usually specific to long bones of the body

Answer 11

bending and torsion

Question 12

what is required for bending to occur

Answer 12

axial loads and perpendicular force

Question 13

which are the three severities of injuries

Answer 13

life threatening

serious

non serious

Question 14

what are mechanisms of injury

Answer 14

why injuries happen. not the physical but the event

intrinsic- athlete dysfunction or overuse

extrinsic- Interac with player or structure

enviromental

Question 15

who are the three key roles assigned in EAP

Answer 15

charge

call

control

Question 16

what is secondary survey of EAP

Answer 16

HOPS

history
observations-SHARP
palpations
special tests

Question 17

what are closed vs open fractures

Answer 17

closed is where there is little movement or displacement of bone or surrounding tissue

open involves displacement of tissue

Question 18

what is crepitus

Answer 18

word to describe sandy grinding sensation with some injuries

Question 19

what is the only definitive diagnostic tool for fractures

Answer 19

Xray

Question 20

what is a stress fracture

Answer 20

stress beyond yield point of the bone by repetitive actions

can be caused by
-new unfamiliar training
-changing training habits
-increases in impact/training volume

Question 21

what are the signs of a stress fracture

Answer 21

early on there may be specific tenderness and pain.

more constant and intense pain later on in activity and at rest.

Question 22

what is an avulsion fracture

Answer 22

bone fragment of cortex pulled away by ligament or tendon

Question 23

what is an epiphyseal fracture

Answer 23

growth plate fracture

Question 24

what is an apophyseal injury

Answer 24

young physically active individuals are susceptible. origin and insertion of muscles.

Question 25

what is subluxation

Answer 25

partial dislocation which causes an incomplete separation but it comes back together

Question 26

what is unique about the treatment of first time dislocations

Answer 26

x ray to look for possible fractures

Question 27

what is the static stabilizing structure of the joint

Answer 27

ligaments

Question 28

what is the dynamic stabilizing structures of the joint

Answer 28

muscles

Question 29

what is bursitis

Answer 29

bursa irritation by overuse or a sudden irritation. repeated bursitis can result to calcification and loss of internal bursa layers

Question 30

what is the structure of collagen in tendons

Answer 30

wavy so that they are elastic

Question 31

why do tendons usually fail

Answer 31

high velocity high force at full range of motion

Question 32

how can cervical spine injuries be prevented

Answer 32

muscle strengthening to assist strength of bracing before impacts

Question 33

how can the thoracic spine injuries be prevented

Answer 33

correct posture and biomechanics

Question 34

how to prevent lumbar spine injuries

Answer 34

avoid unnecessary stress and strains correct biomechanics to maintain proper alignment

Question 35

what questions should be asked to rule out possibility of spinal cord injuruy

Answer 35

what happened? did you hit something? did you lose consciousness? pain in neck? can you move ankles and toes? equal strength in both hands?

Question 36

what observational anomalies are you looking for in an assessment of the spine

Answer 36

asymmetries, willingness to move head.

Question 37

how to evaluate thoracic spine

Answer 37

upper thoracic spine and shoulder ROM thoracic pain unwilling to rotate or side flex

Question 38

how to evaluate sacroiliac joint

Answer 38

equal iliac crests. symmetrical soft tissuies

Question 39

what are the areas of interest when palpating the spine

Answer 39

spinous processes transverse processes connect to ribs sacrum and sacroiliac joint

Question 40

how to cervical fractures most commonly occur

Answer 40

axial load with flexed spine

Question 41

what are the signs of a cervical fracture

Answer 41

neck tenderness restricted motion cervical muscle spasms and pain pain in chest and extremities numb and weak limbs

Question 42

how to strains of the neck and upper back usually happen

Answer 42

sudden unexpected head movements

Question 44

what is acute torticollis (wryneck)

Answer 44

pain on one side after waking up. caused by synovial capsule impingement in a facet same symptoms as acute strain of neck can be treated using traction and soft tissue treatments

Question 45

what is a brachial plexus neurapraxia or a burner

Answer 45

happens when the brachial plexus is stretched or compressed. common in contact sports disrupts peripheral nerve function so it manifests as burning, numbing, pain and tingling sensation from shoulder to hand. extent of nerve damage dictates recovery time

Question 46

why does lower back pain usually happen

Answer 46

mechanical spine loading issues (posture, obesity, body mechanics) back trauma muscle imbalances repetitive patterns

Question 47

what is spondylolysis

Answer 47

stress fracture on one side of the lumbar vertebrae symptoms include pain and lower back stiffness. needing to change positions frequently. segmental hypermobility managed by exercises that strengthen lower back stability and core strength. reduce axial loading through spine while recovering.

Question 48

what is the difference between spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis

Answer 48

spondylolisthesis is both sides of vertebrae

Question 49

what is a unique symptom of spondylolisthesis

Answer 49

vertebrae instability as the fracture on both sides disconnects that vertebrae from the others.

Question 50

what is SI joint dysfunction

Answer 50

traumatic incident or muscle imbalances causing one illium to shift upwards. irritation and stressing of ligaments. identified by pain in si joint and muscle guarding. pelvic asymmetries. radiating pain in groin and leg.

Question 51

why are cerebral contusions and hematoma so dangerous

Answer 51

intracerebral hemorrhaging.

Question 52

cerebral contusions and hematomas symptoms

Answer 52

lost or altered consciousness head pain, dizziness, nausea, unequal pupils, altered vitals

Question 53

what are some symptoms of a mandible fracture

Answer 53

numb lower lip loss of occlusion of teeth

Question 54

what is the management for a tooth fracture with no bleeding and a secure tooth

Answer 54

no management

Question 55

what is hyphema

Answer 55

bleeding in the eye usually accompanied by heavy bruising of the eyelid and surrounding structures.

Question 56

what is conjunctivitis

Answer 56

highly infectious eye infection. isolate player

Question 57

how an a sport related concussion happen

Answer 57

direct block to head, neck or body

Question 58

if SRC is suspected, what can be used to test

Answer 58

SCAT6 + subjective assessment

Question 59

how to manage SRC

Answer 59

check for cervial spine injury do not leave them alone continual monitoring for a few hours following injury

Question 60

describe the steps of RTL following SRC

Answer 60

1) daily activities 2) school activities 3) part time school 4) full time school

Question 61

describe the steps of RTS following SRC

Answer 61

1) any activities that do not provoke symptoms 2) light risk free cardio 3) sport related exercise 4) no contact practice 5) regular practice (requires HCP approval) 6) competition/ game