Memory Flashcards
(142 cards)
What did Baddeley investigate?
Coding of STM and LTM
What were the categories for the four lists of words that Baddeley used?
Four lists of four short words:
-Phonetically similar
-Phonetically dissimilar
-Semantically similar
-Semantically dissimilar
Baddeley investigation method? [2 different]
-Asked people to immediately recall the list of words
-Asked to recall 20 mins after learning
What did Baddeley find?
People did worse with acoustically similar words (when recall was immediate)
People did worse with semantically similar words (when recalled after 20 mins)
What did Baddeley conclude?
Information is coded differently depending on the memory store:
Coding in stm is acoustic.
Coding in ltm is semantic.
What did Jacobs investigate?
Capacity of stm
-Digital span
Jacobs method of investigation?
-Lists of 6 numbers, increasing in length
-Read aloud and asked pps to recall immediately the lists of letters
-If correct, pps would move onto longer lists until incorrect- this was recorded as pps’ digital span.
Jacobs findings?
Mean span for letters=7.3
Mean span for digits=9.3
Jacobs conclusion?
our stm has a maximum capacity
What did Miller investigate?
Capacity of stm
Miller method of investigation?
observations rather than actual study:
Noticed-
- 7 days, 7 musical scales, 7 deadly sins
Miller’s conclusions?
People can recall words as well as letters
If we chunk information into groups, it is more easily remembered
What were Peterson & Peterson investigating?
Duration of ltm
Peterson & Peterson method:
24 pps & list of 3 letters
Showed consonant syllable trigrams and then asked to count backwards to prevent rehearsal (distraction task). Varied length of time 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18. Asked to then recall the consonant syllable.
Peterson & Peterson findings?
After 3 seconds, 80% accurate.
18 seconds= 3% accurate. Dropped after 18 seconds
Peterson & Peterson conclusions?
Without verbal rehearsal we have a very short duration in our STM
What did Bahrick et al investigate?
Duration of ltm
Bahrick et al method of investigation?
-Yearbooks of participants obtained from schools
-392 American pps between 17 and 74 years old.
-Participants asked to recall members of their graduating class.
Variation-used photographs as prompts
Bahrick et al findings?
After 15 year, able to remember 60%
After 48 years, dropped to 30%
When using photos, recalled 90% after 15 years
Bahrick et al conclusions?
Our LTM has an incredible duration, maybe even up to a lifetime.
Baddeley strengths [2]
-Led to Multi-storage model of memory
-Identifies clear differences between two memory stores
Baddeley weaknesses [2]
-Artificial stimuli
-Poor external validity- cannot generalise to all memory
Jacobs strength
Widely replicated and supported so valid
Jacobs weaknesses [2]
Old therefore confounding variables
E.g distractions