Memory 2 Flashcards
(115 cards)
Traditional Stages of Memory
- Sensory
- Short term
- long Term
Facts about Sensory Memory
- Initial stage of encoding from stimulus to neural energy (Ex: tranduction of eye/ retina to brain or ear to brain or smell to brain)
- Briefest stage of memory process (lasts milliseconds to a few seconds)
- Rapid decay
- limited capacity
- _________________
Short-Term Memory
- Typically auditory
- Rehearsal (maintenance vs elaborative)
- Fill in the blank
History of Memory
Ebbinghaus(1800s)–Frederick Bartlett (1930s)–Gestalt school (1930s)–Sigmund Freud–Rise of Behaviorialism (1930s)–The Computer Revolution (1950s)–Modern Day
Long Term Memory (LTM)
- Relatively unlimited in terms of duration and capacity
- Ex:_____
Implicit/Non-Declarative Memory
-“How to” memory
-Procedural, emotional, priming
-Classically/ Operant condition behaviors
-Reflexive/ automatic
Ex:__________
Explicit/Declarative Memory
- “That is” memory
- episodic, semantic,
- Reflective
- Ex:______
Episodic vs. Semantic memory
- Both are types of Explicit/Declarative memory
- Episodic: Specific events at specific times (Ex:_____)
- Semantic: General knowledge (Ex:_____)
Implicit/Non-Declarative Memory
-“How to” memory
-Basal Ganglia is important structure
-Procedural, emotional, priming
-Classically/ Operant condition behaviors
-Reflexive/ automatic
Ex:__________
Explicit/Declarative Memory
- “That is” memory
- Hippocampus is important structure
- episodic, semantic,
- Reflective
- Ex:______
Recognition
-old-new/forced choice
Ex:____
-Guessing/ chance perfomance
Ex:_____
Neuroscience methods for studying memory
In Animals: Ablation studies, recording studies (Ex:_____)
-In Humans: EEGs, PETscans, fMRI
MODAL Model of memory
- Atinkson shriffrin (1968)
- Sensory registers
- Processes: Encoding–storage–Retrieval
- Major criticism
MODAL Model of memory
- proposed by Atinkson shriffrin (1968)
- One of the first
- Sensory registers
- Processes: Encoding–storage–Retrieval
- Major criticism
2 stages that Karl Ashley developed
- Mass action
- Equipotentiality
- How: In rats, moving parts of their brain in maze study
Problems with Ablation studies in animals?
-The brain works all together so you shouldn’t just cut things out to see how they work individually you have to see how it all works together
Ex: Recording studies (stereotastichic) using electrodes to record diff parts of the brain
What is a “Model” in relation to memory?
A visual representation of how things work
MODAL Model of memory
- proposed by Atinkson shriffrin (1968)
- One of the first “models of memory”
- Was updated in 1971 and added sensory registers
- Sensory registers
- Processes: Encoding–storage–Retrieval
- Major criticism: Too linear, meaning memory is more complex than what they make it seem, there’s top down processing
What is a “Model” in relation to memory?
A visual representation of how things work
Ex: ______
Sensory registers
- Think of them as “storage facilities”
- Stimuli comes into STM-LTM-Sensory Memory
- Memory can still get lost inbetween the storage facilities
What is a “Model” in relation to memory?
A visual representation of how things work
Ex: _____“Working memory”??
Does LTM last for the rest of your life?
Yes, unless you have a degenerative disease (massive loss of neurons)
Neural stage of sensory memory begins in the
Eye (Retina),
-b/c thats where transduction occurs.
Ear (hair cells on basilar membrane in the cochlea)
-b/c thats where vibration occurs
What “Lacks meaning” in relation to sensory memory ?
The nature of storage (The process of encoding/ transduction)
Why: b/c initially it’s just a picture or just a word once it’s processed in the brain…The info is just temporarily stored on the retina not in the brain cortex yet