Memory

Question 1

What is the definition of memory?

Answer 1

The process in which information is encoded, stored and retrieved

Question 2

What kind of basis are memories thought to have?

Answer 2

A physical basis

Question 3

When are memories not usually made before?

Answer 3

The age 2 and a half

Question 4

What are the three types of memory?

Answer 4

Sensory, short term (working) and long term

Question 5

What are some examples of sensory organs?

Answer 5

Eyes, ears, mouth

Question 6

How long is the sensory memory?

Answer 6

Millisecond - 1 second

Question 7

How long is the short term memory?

Answer 7

Less than 1 minute

Question 8

How long is the long term memory?

Answer 8

After 5 minutes - infinity

Question 9

What are the two types of long term memory?

Answer 9

Procedural and declarative

Question 10

What is procedural memory?

Answer 10

Knowing how e.g. knowing how to ride a bike

Question 11

What is declarative memory?

Answer 11

Knowing what e.g. facts and events

Question 12

What are the two types of declarative memory?

Answer 12

Episodic and semantic

Question 13

What is episodic memory?

Answer 13

Personal recollections

Question 14

What is semantic memory?

Answer 14

General knowledge

Question 15

What are episodic and semantic both?

Answer 15

Explicit (conscious)

Question 16

What type is procedural memory?

Answer 16

Implicit (unconscious)

Question 17

Where may the fact that memory is reconstructive be a problem?

Answer 17

In crime investigation

Question 18

Who made the multi-store model of memory?

Answer 18

Atkinson and Shiffrin (‘68)

Question 19

What is a model?

Answer 19

A representation of something to help us understand how something works

Question 20

What are the two key models of memory?

Answer 20

The multi-store model (MSM) and the Working memory model (WMM)

Question 21

Why was the WMM produced?

Answer 21

Due to problems with the MSM

Question 22

What is encoding?

Answer 22

The way in which information is transferred into a form to be stored

Question 23

What is duration?

Answer 23

How long a memory lasts

Question 24

What is capacity?

Answer 24

How much can be held in that particular memory store

Question 25

Where does environmental stimuli go to?

Answer 25

The sensory register

Question 26

What does the sensory register do?

Answer 26

Automatically responds to receiving information through the sense organs. It takes in the info and holds it in the same form

Question 27

What are the 5 forms of memory in the SR?

Answer 27

Iconic, echoic, gustatory, haptic and olfactory

Question 28

What is iconic memory?

Answer 28

Visual

Question 29

What is echoic memory?

Answer 29

Auditory

Question 30

What is gustatory memory?

Answer 30

Taste

Question 31

What is haptic memory?

Answer 31

Touch

Question 32

What is olfactory memory?

Answer 32

Smell

Question 33

What happens to info received by the SR that is payed attention to?

Answer 33

It is passed to the short term memory

Question 34

What happens to info received by the SR that is not payed attention to?

Answer 34

It will fade through trace decay, leaving no lasting impression

Question 35

If information is the sensory register is payed attention to, where does it go?

Answer 35

Short term memory

Question 36

How does information stay in the short term memory?

Answer 36

Maintenance rehearsal

Question 37

How does information go from the short term memory to long term memory?

Answer 37

Elaborate rehearsal

Question 38

What happens to information in the short term memory that is not elaborately rehearsed?

Answer 38

It decays (information retrieval)

Question 39

Is the sensory register conscious or unconscious?

Answer 39

Unconscious (not under cognitive control)

Question 40

What was Sperling's experiment testing?

Answer 40

Iconic memory

Question 41

When was Sperling's experiment?

Answer 41

1960

Question 42

What did Sperling do?

Answer 42

Presented a 3x4 grid of letters for less than a second and asked participants to recall the letters

Question 43

What type of explanation of memory is the multi store model?

Answer 43

A cognitive explanation

Question 44

What is coding?

Answer 44

The means by which information is represented in memory

Question 45

What is the sensory register?

Answer 45

A short duration store, holding impressions of information received by the senses

Question 46

In what way does information pass from store to store in the multistore model?

Answer 46

In a linear way

Question 47

What type of stores are STM and LTM?

Answer 47

Unitary

Question 48

What does the sensory register have a store for?

Answer 48

Each of the senses

Question 49

What is the capacity of the sensory register?

Answer 49

Very limited

Question 50

What is the capacity of the STM?

Answer 50

7 +/- 2 items

Question 51

What is the capacity of the LTM?

Answer 51

Virtually unlimited

Question 52

What is the duration of the sensory register?

Answer 52

Less than 1 second

Question 53

What is the duration of the STM?

Answer 53

30 seconds

Question 54

What is the duration of the LTM?

Answer 54

Virtually unlimited

Question 55

What is the encoding of the sensory register?

Answer 55

Iconic, Echoic or Haptic

Question 56

What is the encoding of the STM?

Answer 56

Mainly auditory and visual

Question 57

What is the encoding of the LTM?

Answer 57

Semantic

Question 58

What is the definition of the MSM?

Answer 58

An explanation of memory that sees information flowing through a series of storage systems

Question 59

What is the definition of STM?

Answer 59

A temporary store holding small amounts of information for brief periods

Question 60

What is the definition of LTM?

Answer 60

A permanent store holding limitless amounts of information for long periods

Question 61

What is bad about the research into SR?

Answer 61

Research has only really investigated capacity and duration of iconic memory. It is possible other senses have different capacity and duration Duration of SR decreases with age