Memory

Question 1

What is Coding?

Answer 1

Coding is the way in which information is stored in the memory.

Question 2

What is Duration?

Answer 2

Duration is how long information lasts.

Question 3

What is Capacity?

Answer 3

Capacity is the amount of information that can be stored.

Question 4

What are the features of Short term memory?

Answer 4

• Short term memory is your memory for immediate events.
• Has a short duration.
• Disappears unless rehearsed.
• Limited Capacity.
• Tends to be coded acoustically.

Question 5

What are the features of Long term memory?

Answer 5

• LTM is your memory for things that have happened in the past.
• Has potentially unlimited duration and capacity.
• Tends to be coded semantically.

Question 6

Study for STM

Answer 6

?

Question 7

Describe how much capacity the STM and LTM have?

Answer 7

The STM has limited capacity whereas the LTM has potentially infinite capacity.

Question 8

What is Millers magic number?

Answer 8

7+/-2

7 plus or minus 2.

Question 9

Roughly how long is the duration period of the STM?

Answer 9

18-30 seconds.

Question 10

How are the STM and LTM’s coded?

Answer 10

The STM is mostly encoded acoustically whereas the LTM is mainly encoded semantically.

Question 11

What are the three types of coding?

Answer 11

• Semantic coding ( meaning )
• Acoustic coding ( sound )
• Visual coding ( visual )

Question 12

What is your LTM?

Answer 12

Your LTM is your memory for things that have happened in the past.

Question 13

What is your STM?

Answer 13

Your STM is your memory for immediate effects.

Question 14

What is the sensory register?

Answer 14

The sensory register is the place where information is held at each of the senses. - (the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, etc.)

Question 15

What is Maintenance rehearsal?

Answer 15

Maintenance rehearsal is the fact that the longer the information is rehearsed in the STM the stronger it is in the LTM.

Question 16

What is Retrieval?

Answer 16

Retrieval is the process of getting information from the LTM. It involves the information passing back through the STM. It is then available for use.

Question 17

Draw the Multi-store model.

Answer 17

insert image here

Question 18

What is one criticism of the multi store model of memory?

Answer 18

That it’s to simple. The model shows that both the STM and LTM are single unitary stores when research shows otherwise.

Question 19

What is the function of the Central Executive?

Answer 19

The function of the Central executive is to direct attention to particular tasks, determining at any time how the brains resources are used. It can’t attend to too many things at once.

Question 20

What is the role of the Phonological loop?

Answer 20

The phonological loop is responsible for dealing with auditory information (sound). It holds the words you hear.

Question 21

What does the Visuo-spatial sketch pad do?

Answer 21

The visuals-spatial sketch pad is used when you have to plan spatial tasks. (Like getting from one room to another or counting windows in your house.)

Question 22

How long did Peterson say that the STM could hold information for?

Answer 22

18-30 seconds.

Question 23

What does the Episodic buffer do?

Answer 23

The Episodic buffer receives input from many sources, temporarily stores this information and then integrates it to construct a mental episode of what has happened.

Question 24

What are the three types of long term memory?

Answer 24

• Episodic memory
• Semantic memory
• Procedural memory

Question 25

What is Episodic memory?

Answer 25

Episodic memory holds personal memories of events e.g. what you did you do yesterday. (contains contextual details)

Question 26

What is Procedural memory?

Answer 26

Procedural memory is our memory for how how to do things. e.g. riding a bike. These memories are result of repeated practice.

Question 27

What is Semantic memory?

Answer 27

Semantic memory is our shared memory for facts and knowledge. e.g. mathematical knowledge.

Question 28

What is Interference?

Answer 28

Interference is an explanation for forgetting, where one memory disrupts another.

Question 29

What are the two types of interference?

Answer 29

The two types of interference are Proactive and Retroactive interference.

Question 30

What is Proactive interference?

Answer 30

Proactive interference is when past learning interferes with new attempts to learn something new.

Question 31

What is Retroactive interference?

Answer 31

Retroactive interference is where current attempts to learn something interfere with past learning.

Question 32

What are Cues?

Answer 32

Cues are things that may serve as a reminder.

Question 33

What is Retrieval failure?

Answer 33

When a memory is there but it cannot accessed due to lack of Cues.

Question 34

What is Eyewitness testimony?

Answer 34

Evidence provided in court by person who witnessed crime.

Question 35

What is a Leading question?

Answer 35

A question that suggests to the witness that a certain answer is desired.

Question 36

What is the Cognitive interview?

Answer 36

The Cognitive interview is a police technique that encourages the subject to recreate the original context of the crime to increase accessibility of info.

Question 37

Outline Loftus and Palmer? (1974)

Answer 37

MISLEADING INFORMATION: - 45 students shown 7 films of different traffic accidents - Different words used to describe clips - Asked to estimate speed - In conclusion the leading question did alter the participants memories.

Question 38

Outline Johnson and Scott? (1976)

Answer 38

- Participants told to sit in waiting room - Confederate runs through with a greasy pen (low anxiety) or a bloody knife (high anxiety) - They were later asked to ID the confederate - In conclusion 49% with pen and 33% with knife. WEAPON FOCUS EFFECT

Question 39

What is Post Event discussion?

Answer 39

A conversation between eyewitness and interviewer after a crime has taken place which may contaminate the witnesses memory of the event.