Memory and Neurodegeneration Flashcards
(22 cards)
Where is ACH made and why is it important in memory/dementia?
Basal forebrain
They are the first nucleii to die in Alzheimers and are needed for memory
What are the three types of memory?
Short term - sensory processing
Working memory - Where memory is held
Long term - the laying down of memories
What are the two types of functional memory?
Declarative - The memory of things
Non declaritive - the memory of skills
Where are declaritive memories held?
Medial temporal lobe, hypothalamus, thalamus
Where are non declaritive memories held?
Striatum, cerebellum
What is retrograde amnesia?
Forget everything before a certain point
What is anterograde amnesia?
Can’t form new declarative memories
What is transient global amnesia?
Transient loss of old and new memories
eg after banging head playing football
What part of the brain do long term memories live in?
Mamillary bodies (hypothalamus)
Medial temporal lobe
What part of the brain is involved in processing memories?
Medial temporal lobe (hippocampus and rhinal cortices)
What is Korsakoff (Wernickes) syndrome?
Common in chronic alcoholics - no thiamine (b12) absorption so damage to mammillary bodies and medial thalamus
Cant make new memories or remember old ones
Retrograde and anteriograde amnesia
What parts of the brain are responsible for cognition and receiving sensory information?
Cortices of brain - not the PMC or PSS
What is the role of the occipital cortical region?
Visual recognition
What is the role of the parietal cortical region?
What happens in damage?
Where is it?
Can’t tell where something is eg hemineglect, draw half a clock face
What is the role of the temporal cortical region?
What happens in damage?
What is it?
Agnosia - No Knowledge
Visual agnosia - patient can see but not identify
Movement agnosia - cant tell if something is moving or not
Prospagnosia - cant recognise faces
What is the role of the frontal cortical region?
What happens in damage?
What should i do about it?
Anything to do with personality changes
eg emotinal, impulsive, fixated, aphasia (Brocas)
What is aphasia and what are the two types?
Speech disorder - recognising and speaking words is impaired
Wernickes Aphasia - Brodman Area where parietal and temporal meet
Brocas Aphasia
What is Brocas aphasia?
Can understand words but can no construct their own - disorganised grammar and syntax, disorganised structure
Frontal lobe
What is Wernickes aphasia?
Can’t understand language
Fluent speech that doesnt make sense
PARIETAL LOBE
What is the Papez circuit involved in?
Controlling emotional expression
What is apraxia?
Parietal lobe lesion where there is difficulty in carrying out motor tasks when asked to.
Linked to aphasia
DIFFERENT TO ATAXIA
What part of the brain is key for short term memory?
Cortices (sensation of an event)
