Memory: The multi-store model of memory

Question 1

Define MSM

Answer 1

An explanation of memory based on 3 separate stores + how info is transferred between these stores

Question 2

What is the sensory register

Answer 2

Place where info is held at each sense e.g. ears, eyes, mouth, nose, fingers etc.

Question 3

Who created the MSM?

Answer 3

Atkinson + Shiffrin (1968)

Question 4

What are the 3 stores in the MSM?

Answer 4

Sensory memory
STM
LTM

Question 5

How does the MSM link together?

Answer 5

attention + rehearsal

Question 6

How does the MSM begin?

Answer 6

With environmental stimuli e.g. sound smells etc. which is picked up by the sensory register

Question 7

Where is info held once it’s picked up by the sensory register?

Answer 7

Info is held at each sense,
Sensory register has a very large capacity as it’s subjected to all info that’s revealed to us BUT only stores info we pay attention to.

Question 8

What happens once an individual pays attention to an environmental stimuli (sense)?

Answer 8

the data is transferred from the sensory register to the STM

Question 9

What is info used for once it’s been transferred from the sensory register to the STM?

Answer 9

Used for immediate tasks such as remembering directions.

Question 10

How does info stay in the STM?

Answer 10

Maintenance rehearsal

Question 11

What happens if maintenance doesn’t occur in STM?

Answer 11

Info decays or disappears or displaced by new info due to limited capacity

Question 12

How is info transferred from STM to LTM?

Answer 12

Maintenance rehearsal

Question 13

What did Atkinson + Shiffrin propose a relationship between?

Answer 13

rehearsal + strength of LTM (more rehearsal = better memory)

Question 14

How is info retrieved once stored by the LTM?

Answer 14

Retrieved (through retrieval) to be transferred to the STM so it’s available to use.

Question 15

Draw the MSM

Answer 15

Look at textbook

Question 16

What are the 4 AO3 points for MSM?

Answer 16

+case study
+supporting evidence
-too simple
-LTM involves more than maintenance rehearsal

Question 17

(+AO3) What case study supports the MSM?

Answer 17

A man named HM had brain damage (hippocampus removed) his personality + intellect remained but couldn’t form new LTM and could remember info from before the surgery proving that LTM + STM are 2 distinct stores.

Question 18

(+AO3) What is the supporting evidence for the MSM?

Answer 18

Studies from brain scanning techniques also suggests thar there’s a separate store for LTM + STM.
Beardsley found that the prefrontal cortex was active during STM but not LTM providing strong evidence of the STM Squire et al. (1992) found that the hippocampus was active when LTM is engaged.

Question 19

(-AO3) Why could the MSM be regarded as too simple?

Answer 19

Suggests STM + LTM are single unitary stores, but research doesn’t support this. The WMM provides a more detailed alternative.

Question 20

(-AO3) why does the LTM need more than just maintenance rehearsal?

Answer 20

Lockhart suggested enduring memories are created by the processing you do rather than through maintenance rehearsal. Things that are processed more deeply are more memorable.