Mendelaian Inheritance and It's Extensions II. Flashcards
Homozygous Alleles:
Produce the same traits.
Heterozygous Alleles:
Produces different traits.
Population:
A group of individuals of the same species that have the potential to interbred & produce fertile offspring.
Symbols for blood type:
I^A
I^B
i
The most common blood type allele:
i.
Frequency of I^A allele
21% (Second most).
Frequency of I^B allele:
16% ( Least common).
Wild type allele:
The common allele of a gene.
There might be multiple wild type alleles in a population.
Wild type traits:
Produced by wild-type alleles.
Wild-type traits confer a selective advantage.
Natural population:
A population that has not been altered by selective breeding.
Selective breeding:
Occurs when humans select plants or animals for desirable traits.
Genetic Polymorphism:
Multiple wild-type alleles in one gene.
Ex: Elderflower Orchid.
Mutation:
An event that changes the DNA sequence.
Mutant Allele:
A new allele produced by mutation.
They are usually loss of function alleles.
Mutant Traits:
Produced by mutant alleles.
Loss of function allele:
Reduction in gene activity.
Types of Loss of function alleles.
Hypermorphic allele.
Null allele.
Hypermorphic allele:
Some gene activity but less than wild type.
Null alleles:
No gene activity.
Example of Hypermorphic allele in cats:
Dilution gene.
Dilution gene:
Regulate pigment deposition in hair.
More pigment = Darker hair.
Example of Null allele in cats:
Tyrosine Gene.
Tyrosine gene:
Makes the pigment that is deposited in hairs.
This gene is temperature sensitive.
Conditional allele:
A type of Hypermorphic allele.
The gene activity of the allele is reduced under some environmental conditions.
