Mendelian Genetics

Question 1

1843-admitted to the Augustinian Monastery of St. Thomas in Brno (Czech Republic) 1851-1853 Studied physics and botany at University of Vienna
1856- Performed his fist set of hybridization experiments
1884- Died of kidney disorder

Not the first to study about inheritance but his success was attributed to his elegant experimental design and analysis

Answer 1

Gregor Johann Mendel

Question 2

Mendel’s Postulates

Answer 2

Unit factors in pairs

Dominance/ recessiveness

Segregation

Independent assortment

Question 2

Mendel’s Postulates

Genetic characters are controlled by unit factors existing in pairs in individual organisms.

Answer 2

Unit factors in pairs

Question 3

Mendel’s Postulates

When two unlike unit factors responsible for a single character are present in a single individual, one unit factor is dominant to the other, which is said to be recessive.

Answer 3

Dominance/ recessiveness

Question 4

Mendel’s Postulates

During gamete formation, segregating pairs of unit factors assort independently of each other.

Answer 4

Independent assortment

Question 4

Mendel’s Postulates

During the formation of gametes, the paired unit factors separate, or segregate, randomly so that each gamete receives one or the other with equal likelihood.

Answer 4

Segregation

Question 5

physical expression of a trait

Answer 5

Phenotype

Question 6

units of inheritance

Answer 6

Genes

Question 7

alternative forms of a single gene

Answer 7

Alleles

Question 8

when both alleles are the same e.g. DD or dd (where ‘D’ means tall dominant and ‘d’ for dwarf recessive)

Answer 8

Homozygous

Question 8

involves breeding individuals that differ in only one trait, focusing on how a single gene with two or more variations (alleles) is inherited

Answer 8

monohybrid cross

Question 8

designates the genetic makeup of an individual for the trait or traits it describes (either haploid or diplod)

Answer 8

Genotype

Question 9

when the alleles are different e.g. Dd

Answer 9

Heterozygous

Question 10

monohybrid cross ratio

the typical phenotypic ratio observed in the F2 generation is

Answer 10

3:1

Question 10

monohybrid cross ratio

The genotypic ratio, however, is

Answer 10

1:2:1

one offspring is homozygous dominant, two are heterozygous, and one is homozygous recessive

Question 11

punnett square vs monohybrid cross

Answer 11

A monohybrid cross is a genetic experiment involving a single trait, while a Punnett square is a diagram used to predict the offspring’s genotypes and phenotypes from a cross. The Punnett square is a tool used to analyze and understand the outcomes of a monohybrid cross.

A monohybrid cross is the genetic experiment, and a Punnett square is the tool used to visualize and analyze the results of that experiment.

Question 12

• Concept of genes
• Term “mutation”
• Mutation theory of evolution

Answer 12

Hugo de Vries

Question 12

Nov. 15, 1871 - Oct. 11, 1962
- Developed disease-resistant crops

Answer 12

Erich von Tschermak-Seysenegg

Question 13

Sept. 10, 1864 Feb. 14, 1933
-Independent discovery of “heredity”
-nCytoplasmic inheritance

Answer 13

Carl Correns

Question 14

A chart used to track the contributions of each parent to the genotype and phenotype of the offspring.

Answer 14

Punnett Square

Question 15

If given with only tall phenotype in F2 generation, is there a way to distinguish the genotype?

Answer 15

The organism expressing the dominant phenotype (DD or Dd) but having an unknown genotype is crossed with a known homozygous recessive individual.

Question 15

Punnett Square author

Answer 15

Reginald C. Punnett

Question 16

Extension of the monohybrid
cross
Examines two characters simultaneously
For example, if pea plants having yellow seeds that are round were bred with those having green seeds that are wrinkled

Answer 16

Mendel’s Dihybrid Cross

Question 17

Demonstrates that Mendel’s principles
apply to inheritance of multiple traits

Answer 17

trihybrid cross

Question 18

is less complex than, but just as accurate as, the Punnett square in predicting the probabilities of phenotypes or genotypes from crosses involving two or more gene pairs.

Answer 18

forked-line method

Question 19

Independent Assortment Leads to Extensive Genetic Variation

Answer 19

true

Question 20

Genetic variation results because the two members of any homologous pair of chromosomes are rarely, if ever, genetically _______.

Answer 20

identical

Question 21

Independent Assortment Leads to Extensive Genetic Variation Production by an individual of genetically _________ gametes.

Answer 21

dissimilar

Question 22

As the maternal and paternal members of all pairs are distributed to gametes through independent assortment, _________ (how many?) chromosome combinations are produced, leading to extensive genetic diversity.

Answer 22

all possible

Question 23

Laws of Probability Help to Explain Genetic Events

Answer 23

If a coin is tossed 1000 times, usually about 500 heads and 500 tails will be observed. Any reasonable fluctuation from this hypothetical ratio (e.g., 486 heads and 514 tails) is attributed to chance.