Mendelian inheritance Flashcards
What is heredity?
How parents pass characteristics to offspring
What is genetics?
The science of heredity
Who was Gregor Mendel?
Gregor Mendel was a monk that uncovered heredity and was named the father of genetics
what did gergor mendle use in his experiments
pea plants
What’ was the blending theory?
A theory that offspring have a blend of characteristic of their parents
Why did Gregor mendel use pea plants?
The pea plants were fast growing, easy to grow, and had different variations
- seeds, pods, size, color, position, stem length, round or wrinkled
What is pollination? When does it occur?
The fertilizing step in the sexual reproduction of plants
- occurs when pollen is transferred from the anther to the stigma
What is pollen? Where is it produced
Pollen is the male gamete of a plant and is produced by the male flower part the anther
What is the stigma? Where is it produced
stigma is the female gamete of the plant
- produced in the carpel
What is self- pollination?
Pollen grains from the anther is transferred to the stigma on the same plant
What is cross pollination? what doe suit result in?
Pollen grains from another anther on a different plant is transferd to the stigma of another plant
- results in hybrid offspring
What is mendle’s first set of experiments?
Mendel started with the flower color and experimented with 1 characteristic at a time
What were the steps of mendel’s first set of experiments?
- cross pollinated (fully breed) purple and white flowers (p generation)
- f1 generation= were all purple flowers (heterozygous Pp)
- f2 generation= some had white flowers as the f1 generation was allowed to self pollinate
what did Mendel conclude in his first set of experiments?
The 3:1 ratio 3 were purple and 1 was white
- 1 value of the characteristic disappeared in the f1 gen but reappeared in the f2 generation as a white flower
- 75% were purple and 25% were white
What is the p generation?
The fully breed purple and white flowers of mendel’s test
What is the f1 generation
The offspring of the p generation
What is the f2 generation?
The offspring of the f1 generation that were self polllinated
What is the law of segregation as?
States that there are 2 factors controlling a given characteristic one of which dominatates the other
- dominant and ressive genes
What is true breeding?
Parents that only produce white or purple flowers
- p gen were an example of this
What is a geneotype?
The genetic make up of an person
Ex: Pp, or Gg
Alleles that you recive from your parents
What is a phenotype?
The physical apperance
- ex: yellow or green tall or short
Dominant vs resscive genes
dominant genes are expressed
Resscive genes are not expressed
What is homozygous
2 of the same alleles
Ex: rr or pp
A trait can be fully either or
What is heterozygous
organisms with different alleles
Ex: Pp or Yy
