Meninges and Brain

Question 1

What develops from the neural tube?

Answer 1

CNS (brain and spinal cord)

Question 2

what develops from the neural crest?

Answer 2

nerve cell bodies outside the CNS

Question 3

what develops from the neural cavity?

Answer 3

ventricles and central canal

Question 4

what develops from the mantle layer?

Answer 4

grey matter

Question 5

what develops from the marginal layer?

Answer 5

white matter

Question 6

what types of fibers are in the alar plate?

Answer 6

afferents

Question 7

what types of fibers are in the basal plate?

Answer 7

efferents

Question 8

what are the 3 layers of the meninges?

Answer 8

1. dura mater
2. arachnoid
3. pia mater

Question 9

what makes up the leptomeninges?

Answer 9

arachnoid membrane + pia mater

Question 10

is there epidural space within the skull?

Answer 10

NO. The cranial dura is fused to the periosteum

Question 11

what is the space in the vertebral canal where the dura mater and periosteum are separated?

Answer 11

epidural space

Question 12

what is the specialized fold in the dura mater that extends between the cerebral hemispheres?

Answer 12

falx cerebri

Question 13

what contains the dorsal sagittal sinus?

Answer 13

falx cerebri

Question 14

what specialized fold of the dura mater extends into the transverse cerebral fissure?

Answer 14

tentorium cerebelli

Question 15

what fissure is between cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum?

Answer 15

transverse cerebral fissure

Question 16

what is the space between the arachnoid and the pia mater that contains CSF?

Answer 16

subarachnoid space

Question 17

What subarachnoid enlargements can you obtain CSF from by tilting the head down?

Answer 17

cerebellomedullary cistern

Question 18

What is the subarachnoid enlargement in the lumbar region you can obtain CSF from?

Answer 18

lumbar cistern

Question 19

does each ventricle of the brain have its own choroid plexus?

Answer 19

yes

Question 20

what produces CSF by secretion and ultrafiltration?

Answer 20

choroid plexus

Question 21

what are the four ventricles of the brain?

Answer 21

(2) lateral venricles
(1) 3rd ventricle
(1) 4th ventricle

Question 22

where are the two lateral ventricles located?

Answer 22

one within each cerebral hemisphere

Question 23

where is the 3rd ventricle located

Answer 23

within the diencephalon

Question 24

where is the 4th ventricle located?

Answer 24

within the hindbrain

Question 25

what is the order of CSF flow?

Answer 25

Choroid plexus -> lateral ventricle -> interventricular foramen -> 3rd ventricle -> mesenchephalic aqueduct -> 4th ventricle -> lateral apertures or central canal -> subarachnoid space -> arachnoid villi -> dural venous sinus (dorsal sagittal sinus)

Question 26

what gets smaller as a result of hydrocephalis?

Answer 26

parenchyma

Question 27

what arteries make up the arterial circle?

Answer 27

(1) basilar artery | (2) internal carotid arteries

Question 28

what four things make up the cerebral hemispheres?

Answer 28

neopallium basal nuclei archipallium paleopalium/ rhinencephalon

Question 29

what makes up the telencephalon?

Answer 29

cerebral hemispheres and the lumen of the lateral ventricles

Question 30

what white matter fibers are within the same hemisphere?

Answer 30

association fibers

Question 31

what white matter fibers are between the hemispheres?

Answer 31

commissural fibers

Question 32

what white matter fibers are the ascending/descending fibers?

Answer 32

projection fibers

Question 33

what is a principle component of archipallium and limbic system?

Answer 33

hippocampus

Question 34

what makes up the rhinencephalon (olfactory brain)?

Answer 34

1. olfactory bulb 2. olfactory peduncle 3. piriform lobe

Question 35

what is the most rostral part of the brain stem?

Answer 35

diencephalon

Question 36

what are the 5 parts to the diencephalon?

Answer 36

1. epithalamus 2. metathalamus 3. thalamus 4. hypothalamus 5. lumen 3rd ventricle

Question 37

what is the epiphysis?

Answer 37

the pineal gland

Question 38

the lateral geniculate body relays what?

Answer 38

visual relay

Question 39

the medial geniculate body relays what?

Answer 39

auditory relay

Question 40

what is the important relay and integration center?

Answer 40

thalaus

Question 41

what are the 3 parts to the hypothalamus?

Answer 41

1. optic chiasm 2. infundibulum 3. mammillary bodies

Question 42

what are the 3 parts to the mesencephalon?

Answer 42

1. tectum 2. cerebral peduncle 3. lumen is the mesencephalic aqeuduct

Question 43

what contains the rostral and caudal colliculi?

Answer 43

corpora quadrigemina

Question 44

the rostral colliculi function?

Answer 44

visual reflexes

Question 45

the caudal colliculi function?

Answer 45

auditory reflexes

Question 46

what are the three parts to the cerebral peduncle?

Answer 46

1. tegmentum 2. substantua nigra 3. crus cerebri

Question 47

what are the three parts of the metencephalon?

Answer 47

1. cerebellum 2. pons 3. lumen = rostral 1/2 of 4th ventricle

Question 48

rostral cerebellar peduncle contains what?

Answer 48

mainly efferent axons from cerebellum to brainstem

Question 49

the caudal cerebellar peduncle connects what?

Answer 49

the medulla oblongata and cerebellum

Question 50

what peduncle is continuous with the transverse fibers of the pons

Answer 50

middle cerebellar peduncle

Question 51

what forms the roof of the 4th ventricle between mesencephalon and cerebellum?

Answer 51

rostral medullary velum

Question 52

what is another term for medulla oblongata?

Answer 52

myelenchephalon

Question 53

what are the three parts to the myelencephalon?

Answer 53

1. trapezoid body 2. pyramids 3. lumen = caudal 1/2 of 4th ventricle

Question 54

what is the roof of the 4th ventricle caudal to the cerebellum?

Answer 54

caudal medullary velum