spinal cord Flashcards
(19 cards)
the two locations where the diameter of the spinal cord is increased?
- cervical intumescence (thoracic limb)
2. lumbar intumescence (pelvic limb)
around what vertebrate does the spinal cord stop?
L6
what is the narrow caudal end of the parenchyma of the spinal cord?
conus medullaris
what are the sacral and caudal spinal roots that stream caudally to exit at their respective intervertebral foramina?
cauda equina
what is the space just deep to the yellow ligament outside the dura mater?
epidural space
what is the space between the arachnoid and pia?
subararchnoid space
what are the thicken longitudinal cord of pia on lateral margin of spinal cord which segmentally attaches to the dura and arachnoid that suspends the spinal cord?
denticulate ligaments
what is the narrow cord of meninges that attaches conus medullaris to the caudal vertebrae?
filum terminale
what is the unpaired artery that extends the entire length of the spinal cord and is continuous with the basilar artery?
ventral spinal artery
what arteries run along the dorsal side of the spinal cord?
dorsal spinal arteries
what blood vessels are within the epidural space on the flood of the vertebral canal, that anastomose with branches of vertebral and aygos veins and the caudal vena cava?
ventral internal vertebral venous plexuses
what is the indention on the bottom of the spinal cord?
ventral median fissure
what type of neurons are projection neurons within the CNS?
upper motor neurons
what type of neurons extend from the CNS to effector organ?
lower motor neuron
central motor neurons =
upper motor neurons
peripheral motor neurons =
lower motor neurons
Sign: reflexes
UMN disease?
LMN disease?
UMN: normal to increased
LMN: decreased to absent
Sign: Atrophy
UMN disease?
LMN disease?
UMN: disuse, mild, generalized
LMN: neurogenic - severe, specific muscles
Sign: Tone
UMN disease?
LMN disease?
UMN: normal to increased
LMN decreased to absent
