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PHR 936 Neurology B1 > Meningitis > Flashcards

Meningitis Flashcards

(80 cards)

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1
Q

Meningitis is defined as inflammation of the ______.

A

meninges

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2
Q

Bacterial meningitis is most commonly caused by ______ in adults.

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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3
Q

Meningitis can be classified as ______ or ______ depending on the causative pathogen.

A

bacterial, viral

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4
Q

Viral meningitis is also known as ______ meningitis.

A

aseptic

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5
Q

A common risk factor for meningitis is ______, which can increase susceptibility to infection.

A

immunosuppression

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6
Q

In children, the most common bacterial cause of meningitis is ______.

A

Neisseria meningitidis

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7
Q

The classic triad of symptoms in meningitis includes fever, neck stiffness, and ______.

A

altered mental status

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8
Q

______ is a test where pain is elicited upon passive extension of the knee, indicating possible meningitis.

A

Kernig’s sign

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9
Q

______ sign involves involuntary flexion of the hips when the neck is flexed forward.

A

Brudzinski’s

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10
Q

In infants, meningitis may present with irritability, poor feeding, and a ______ fontanelle.

A

bulging

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11
Q

______ onset of symptoms is more common in bacterial meningitis than viral meningitis.

A

Rapid

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12
Q

Meningitis can occur due to ______ spread of pathogens from the bloodstream to the central nervous system.

A

hematogenous

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13
Q

Direct contiguous spread of infection to the meninges can occur through sinusitis, otitis media, or ______.

A

trauma

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14
Q

The inflammation in bacterial meningitis is primarily caused by the release of ______ from immune cells.

A

cytokines

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15
Q

Neonatal bacterial meningitis is often caused by ______ during delivery.

A

Group B Streptococcus

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16
Q

Aseptic meningitis is usually caused by viral infections, including enteroviruses and ______ virus.

A

herpes simplex

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17
Q

The most definitive test for meningitis is a ______ puncture to analyze cerebrospinal fluid.

A

lumbar

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18
Q

In bacterial meningitis, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis shows low ______ levels and high protein levels.

A

glucose

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19
Q

In viral meningitis, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis typically shows normal glucose and increased ______ count.

A

lymphocyte

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20
Q

Empiric antibiotic therapy for bacterial meningitis should include coverage for ______, particularly in elderly patients.

A

Listeria monocytogenes

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21
Q

______ is a common adjunctive treatment for bacterial meningitis to reduce inflammation.

A

Dexamethasone

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22
Q

Antiviral therapy, such as ______, is indicated in cases of viral meningitis caused by herpes simplex virus.

A

acyclovir

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23
Q

Vaccination against ______ and Neisseria meningitidis has significantly reduced the incidence of bacterial meningitis.

A

Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib)

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24
Q

The ______ vaccine is recommended for college students and military recruits to prevent Neisseria meningitidis infections.

A

meningococcal

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25
______ vaccination is recommended for older adults to prevent Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis.
Pneumococcal
26
A serious complication of bacterial meningitis is ______, a condition involving widespread blood clotting and bleeding.
disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
27
Long-term complications of bacterial meningitis can include hearing loss, cognitive impairment, and ______.
seizures
28
______ is a life-threatening complication of meningitis characterized by rapid onset of shock and multi-organ failure.
Sepsis
29
______ syndrome is a complication of Neisseria meningitidis meningitis involving adrenal hemorrhage and shock.
Waterhouse-Friderichsen
30
Prompt treatment of bacterial meningitis with antibiotics reduces the risk of ______ and improves outcomes.
mortality
31
Meningitis is defined as inflammation of the ______.
meninges
32
Bacterial meningitis is most commonly caused by ______ in adults.
Streptococcus pneumoniae
33
Meningitis can be classified as ______ or ______ depending on the causative pathogen.
bacterial, viral
34
Viral meningitis is also known as ______ meningitis.
aseptic
35
A common risk factor for meningitis is ______, which can increase susceptibility to infection.
immunosuppression
36
In children, the most common bacterial cause of meningitis is ______.
Neisseria meningitidis
37
The classic triad of symptoms in meningitis includes fever, neck stiffness, and ______.
altered mental status
38
______ is a test where pain is elicited upon passive extension of the knee, indicating possible meningitis.
Kernig's sign
39
______ sign involves involuntary flexion of the hips when the neck is flexed forward.
Brudzinski's
40
In infants, meningitis may present with irritability, poor feeding, and a ______ fontanelle.
bulging
41
______ onset of symptoms is more common in bacterial meningitis than viral meningitis.
Rapid
42
Meningitis can occur due to ______ spread of pathogens from the bloodstream to the central nervous system.
hematogenous
43
Direct contiguous spread of infection to the meninges can occur through sinusitis, otitis media, or ______.
trauma
44
The inflammation in bacterial meningitis is primarily caused by the release of ______ from immune cells.
cytokines
45
Neonatal bacterial meningitis is often caused by ______ during delivery.
Group B Streptococcus
46
Aseptic meningitis is usually caused by viral infections, including enteroviruses and ______ virus.
herpes simplex
47
The most definitive test for meningitis is a ______ puncture to analyze cerebrospinal fluid.
lumbar
48
In bacterial meningitis, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis shows low ______ levels and high protein levels.
glucose
49
In viral meningitis, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis typically shows normal glucose and increased ______ count.
lymphocyte
50
Empiric antibiotic therapy for bacterial meningitis should include coverage for ______, particularly in elderly patients.
Listeria monocytogenes
51
______ is a common adjunctive treatment for bacterial meningitis to reduce inflammation.
Dexamethasone
52
Antiviral therapy, such as ______, is indicated in cases of viral meningitis caused by herpes simplex virus.
acyclovir
53
Vaccination against ______ and Neisseria meningitidis has significantly reduced the incidence of bacterial meningitis.
Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib)
54
The ______ vaccine is recommended for college students and military recruits to prevent Neisseria meningitidis infections.
meningococcal
55
______ vaccination is recommended for older adults to prevent Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis.
Pneumococcal
56
A serious complication of bacterial meningitis is ______, a condition involving widespread blood clotting and bleeding.
disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
57
Long-term complications of bacterial meningitis can include hearing loss, cognitive impairment, and ______.
seizures
58
______ is a life-threatening complication of meningitis characterized by rapid onset of shock and multi-organ failure.
Sepsis
59
______ syndrome is a complication of Neisseria meningitidis meningitis involving adrenal hemorrhage and shock.
Waterhouse-Friderichsen
60
Prompt treatment of bacterial meningitis with antibiotics reduces the risk of ______ and improves outcomes.
mortality
61
Bacterial meningitis is associated with elevated ______ in the cerebrospinal fluid.
white blood cell count
62
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure is typically ______ in patients with bacterial meningitis.
increased
63
______ is a common cause of meningitis in unvaccinated children under the age of five.
Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib)
64
The most common viral causes of aseptic meningitis include enteroviruses and ______.
mumps virus
65
______ is an infection of the spinal cord that can present similarly to meningitis but involves primarily motor neuron damage.
Poliomyelitis
66
Patients with suspected meningitis should undergo a ______ scan before a lumbar puncture if there is concern for increased intracranial pressure.
CT
67
In adults, meningitis caused by Neisseria meningitidis is often associated with a ______ rash.
petechial
68
The ______ is the space between the pia mater and the arachnoid membrane where cerebrospinal fluid circulates.
subarachnoid space
69
______ is a severe inflammatory response that can occur in bacterial meningitis and lead to rapid deterioration.
Septic shock
70
The hallmark findings of bacterial meningitis on cerebrospinal fluid analysis include ______ protein and ______ glucose levels.
elevated, low
71
Close contacts of patients with Neisseria meningitidis meningitis should receive ______ prophylaxis to reduce the risk of transmission.
rifampin
72
______ is a type of fungal meningitis most commonly seen in immunocompromised individuals, such as those with HIV.
Cryptococcal meningitis
73
Tuberculous meningitis is caused by ______ and typically presents with a more insidious onset than bacterial meningitis.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
74
______ staining is used to identify the causative agent in cases of cryptococcal meningitis.
India ink
75
Bacterial meningitis is considered a medical emergency, and treatment should be initiated ______ cerebrospinal fluid results.
before
76
The opening pressure of cerebrospinal fluid during lumbar puncture is typically ______ in bacterial meningitis.
elevated
77
______ is the gold standard method for confirming the diagnosis of viral meningitis.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
78
In bacterial meningitis, the cerebrospinal fluid typically appears ______ due to the presence of inflammatory cells.
cloudy
79
Patients with bacterial meningitis may exhibit ______, a sudden drop in blood pressure when standing.
orthostatic hypotension
80
______ is an autoimmune complication of viral meningitis that can cause progressive paralysis.
Guillain-Barré syndrome

PHR 936 Neurology B1 (6 decks)

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