Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

NUR 221, Exam 3 > meningitis > Flashcards

meningitis Flashcards

(51 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is the function of the meninges?

A

surround brain and spinal cord. Cushion, protect, and create CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What 3 layers does the meninges consist of?

A
  • -dura mater
  • -arachnoid
  • -pia mater
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why can bacteria multiply without causing inflammation?

A

Because CSF contains low amount of WBC’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 3 types of meningitis?

A
  • -Viral
  • -fungal
  • -bacterial
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What viruses can cause viral meningitis?

A
  • -enterovirus
  • -arborvirus (west nile)
  • -herpes simplex virus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What fungal spores can cause fungal meningitis?

A

–Crytpococcus neoformans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What people are at higher risk for getting fungal meningitis?

A
  • -diabetes
  • -HIV
  • -Cancer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Bacterial meningitis can be life threatening and requires immediate medical attention. What types of bacteria can cause bacterial meningitis?

A
  • -streptococcus pneumoniae
  • -Neisseria Meningitidis
  • -Group B strep
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are some illnesses that can cause bacterial meningitis?

A
  • -otitis media
  • -sinusitis
  • -pneumonia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are some illness that can cause viral meningitis?

A
  • -measles
  • -mumps
  • -west nile
  • -herpes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are some other risk factors for acquiring meningitis?

A
  • -immunocompromised
  • -contaminated CSF
  • -skull fracture, invasive procedures, penetrating wounds
  • -dorms, shelters
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are some clinical manifestations of meningitis?

A
  • -high fever
  • -headache (may have N/V with it)
  • -nuchal rigidity
  • -photophobia
  • -confusion
  • -seizures
  • -+ kernigs sign
  • -+ Brudzinskis sign
  • -Rash
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What type of meningitis is associated with a red macular rash?

A

meningococcal meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Early meningitis mimics the…

A

flu

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are some clinical manifestations seen in newborns/infants?

A
  • -constant, weak cry
  • -difficult to comfort (cry harder when held)
  • -Sluggish
  • -Poor feeding
  • -stiff body and neck
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What would indicate a late sign of meningitis in a newborn/infant?

A

bulging fontanels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What should be ruled out if meningitis is suspected with an elderly patient?

A

UTI (both meningitis and UTI cause confusion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is nuchal rigidity?

A

When a patient has a stiff neck and cannot put head down toward chest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is kernigs sign?

A

Stiffness of hamstring which causes inability to straighten leg when hip flexed 90 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is a Brudzinski’s sign?

A

severe neck stiffness that causes a patients hips and knees to flex when the neck is flexed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are some lab test that can be done to diagnose meningitis?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • -CBC
  • -Culture and Sensitivity
  • -CSF analysis
  • -CT and MRI
22
Q

What areas should be tested with the culture and sensitivity test?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • -urine
  • -throat
  • -nose
  • -blood
23
Q

What is the most definitive test for meningitis?

24
Q

If the meningitis is bacterial the CSF fluid will be…

25
If the meningitis is viral the CSF fluid will be....
clear
26
If the CSF analysis is positive for meningitis, what will it show?
- -cloudy/clear CSF - -elevated WBC's - -Elevated protein - -Decreased glucose - -elevated CSF pressure
27
Why would the CSF analysis show decreased glucose?
because bacteria eat glucose
28
What antibiotics would be given to a person with bacterial meningitis?
--ceftriaxone/cefotaxime with vancomycin | prophylactic until results in
29
What antibiotics would be given phrophylactic to people in close contact with client?
- -cipro - -rifampin - -ceftriaxone
30
What other meds can be given to a patient with meningitis?
- -analgesic (Tylenol/ibuprofen) - -phenytoin (anticonvulsant) - -Dexamethasone (corticosteroid for inflammation)
31
Why do we not give opioids to someone with meningitis?
mask changes in LOC
32
What are some non-pharm treatments for meningitis?
- -bed rest - -HOB 30 degrees - -increase fluids - -limit visitors
33
What type of Standard precaution would a patient with meningitis be on?
Droplet
34
How long will a patient need to be on droplet precautions for?
until been on antibiotics for 24 hours (some may need to stay on droplet)
35
Who should meningitis be reported to?
Public health dept.
36
What are some nursing care interventions the nurse can provide?
--reduce fever --decrease stimuli (quiet, and dark) --monitor for ICP Tell client not to cough or sneeze -monitor VS, neuro status q2-4 hours --assist with ADL's
37
what type of safety precaution would the patient be on?
``` Seizure precautions (pad rails) --bed lowest position, call light within reach ```
38
What are some interventions that can be done to reduce ICP?
- -HOB above 30 degrees - -dont cough/sneeze/strain - -reduce stimuli
39
What med can be given to a patient with ICP?
IV mannitol
40
What are 3 vaccines that can help prevent meningitis?
- -Hib - -PPSV - -MCV4
41
How many doses of Hib is given and what is the age?
- -4 doses | - -@ 2 months and final dose at 12-15 months
42
Who do we give the PPSV vaccine?
>65 yoa - -immunocompromised - -chronic disease - -smoke - -live in long term care facility
43
The MCV4 vaccine can help prevent what type of meningitis?
Neisseria Meningitis
44
When should MCV4 be given?
--Prior to going to military/college dorm
45
When is the initial dose of MCV4 given and when is the booster given?
- -11-12 yoa | - -16 yoa
46
Where is the needle inserted in a lumbar puncture?
between L3 and L4, or L4 and L5
47
What should the nurse tell the patient to do prior to a lumbar puncture?
void
48
What position would the patient be in prior to a LP?
--side lying with head flexed and knees toward chest
49
What is applied after a lumbar puncture?
pressure and elastic bandage
50
What should the nurse monitor for after a LP?
- -bleeding - -hematoma - -infection
51
What position should a patient be in after a LP?
--flat in bed to prevent leakage of spinal fluid which can cause spinal headaches

NUR 221, Exam 3 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions