Terrorism, mass casualty, and disaster nursing

Question 1

What is the deliberate release of viruses, bacteria, or microbes as weapons?

Answer 1

Bioterrorism

Question 2

what does the CDC assign the highest priority to?

Answer 2

• -Agents that can be easily transmitted
• -cause high mortality rate
• -cause public panic
• -disrupt society/gov’t.

Question 3

In emergency preparedness, regulatory agencies….

Answer 3

have a plan

Question 4

Emergency operations is required by the joint commission to….

Answer 4

create plan for emergency preparedness and practice it twice per year.

Question 5

what should the plan for emergency preparedness entail?

Answer 5

• -Activation response
• -Internal/external communication plan
• -plan for care
• -security plan
• -external resources
• -people management
• -demobilization
• -after action response
• -practice drills

Question 6

What is an example of an external resource?

Answer 6

suppliers

Question 7

What would the people management portion of emergency preparedness entail?

Answer 7

controlling traffic in and out of area

Question 8

What does demobilization entail?

Answer 8

return to facility and return to normal function

Question 9

what is the after action response?

Answer 9

Everyone involved will debrief

Question 10

What are some examples of agents of bioterrorism?

Answer 10

• -Plague
• -SARS
• -Anthrax
• -Smallpox
• -Botulism
• -Ebola

Question 11

The bubonic plague can come from a…

Answer 11

flea bite

Question 12

SARS is a highly contagious virus and the patient should be on what precaution?

Answer 12

droplet

Question 13

The pneumonic plague is considered a…

Answer 13

weaponized aerosol

Question 14

A viral hemorrhagic fever such as Ebola is caused by exposure to…

Answer 14

animal reservoir host

Question 15

Anthrax is contracted by inhalation and can cause…

Answer 15

• -dyspnea
• -fever
• -cough
• -wide mediastinum

Question 16

If a person comes in direct contact with the anthrax spore they will need to be…

Answer 16

intubated

Question 17

What precautions should be used with anthrax?

Answer 17

standard

Question 18

What is the treatment for anthrax?

Answer 18

penicillin

Question 19

What precaution is used with Smallpox?

Answer 19

airborne

Question 20

What does smallpox look like and when does it become contagious?

Answer 20

raised then pus filled area

becomes contagious after rash appears

Question 21

What are signs of a person infected with smallpox?

Answer 21

• -acute fever
• -myalgia
• -lesions that progress from macules to papules

Question 22

There is no cure for smallpox, when can a person be given a vaccine to prevent future exposure?

Answer 22

If rash has not developed

Question 23

If the nurse is exposed to smallpox when should she get vaccinated?

Answer 23

Within 4 days of exposure

Question 24

What precaution is used for botulism?

Answer 24

standard

Question 25

How is botulism spread?

Answer 25

- -air/food - -improper canning of food - -contaminated wound

Question 26

what are signs of botulism exposure?

Answer 26

- -abd. cramps - -D/N/V - -paralysis - -resp. failure

Question 27

what is the treatment for botulism exposure?

Answer 27

- -induce vomiting - -enemas - -antitoxin - -mechanical ventilation - -penicillin

Question 28

Why is immediate treatment of botulism limited?

Answer 28

limited supply of antitoxin

Question 29

What are chemical weapons?

Answer 29

substances that can quickly injure/kill and cause panic and social disruption

Question 30

what are some examples of vesicants?

Answer 30

- -Lewisite - -Sulfur/nitrogen mustard - -Phosgene

Question 31

What are some signs and symptoms of vesicant exposure?

Answer 31

- -blistering/burning | - -respiratory issues

Question 32

What is the treatment if exposed to a vesicant?

Answer 32

--Decontaminate with soap and water (do not scrub or use hypochlorite)

Question 33

If there has been eye exposure with a vesicant, what should be done?

Answer 33

copious irrigation

Question 34

What is the treatment for Lewisite exposure?

Answer 34

Dimercaprol IV/topical

Question 35

If a person is exposed to sulfur mustard, how long should they be monitored for delayed effects?

Answer 35

24 hours

Question 36

what do nerve agents do?

Answer 36

causes cholinergic symptoms that progress to loss of consciousness, seizures, copious secretions, apnea, and death.

Question 37

What is the treatment for sulfur mustard exposure?

Answer 37

- -atropine (dry up secretions) - -decontaminate with soap and water for 20 min - -blot dry (do not rub)

Question 38

What is radiation exposure affected by?

Answer 38

- -time - -distance - -shielding

Question 39

what are the two types of radiation exposure?

Answer 39

- -External | - -Contamination

Question 40

What is external radiation?

Answer 40

All/part of body exposed (not emergency, do not need to contaminate)

Question 41

What are radiation contaminants?

Answer 41

--radioactive gases, liquids, or solids

Question 42

Why is immediate medical management needed for radiation contamination?

Answer 42

Prevent uptake of radioactive material into cells/tissues

Question 43

Where should radiation decontamination be done?

Answer 43

outside of hospital

Question 44

What should staff consider when doing radiation decontamination?

Answer 44

- -cover floor - -strict isolation precautions - -Seal air ducts/vents - -double bag waste

Question 45

What should the nurse wear when doing radiation decontamination?

Answer 45

- -water resistant gown - -two pairs of gloves - -caps - -goggles - -mask - -booties

Question 46

With acute radiation syndrome (ARS). Who would be a probable survivor?

Answer 46

no/minimal initial symptoms

Question 47

With ARS, who would be a possible survivor?

Answer 47

--if had N/V for 24-48 hours

Question 48

What is the priority for a possible survivor of ARS?

Answer 48

prevent infection | anticipate latent phase

Question 49

With ARS, who would be an improbable survivor?

Answer 49

Acute N/V/D | Shock