Menon 3

Question 1

What graph estimates survival from lifetime data?

Answer 1

Kaplan Meier graph

Question 2

True or False: Human testing (as opposed to mouse testing) gives association, not causality.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Polymorphic DNA markers such as Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) can be used to distinguish the __________________ of offspring chromosomes.

Answer 3

parental origin

Question 4

_______ involves breeding an F1 mouse back to one of the parents.

Answer 4

Backcross

Question 5

_______ involves breeding one F1 mouse to another F1 mouse.

Answer 5

F2 intercross

Question 6

_______ is a location on a chromosome that is associated with a particular trait.

Answer 6

Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL)

Question 7

Mice are good biological models because they allow researchers to control for environmental and genetic _______.

Answer 7

noise

Question 8

What is the minimum requirement for a transgenic construct?

Answer 8

cDNA (coding)

Question 9

What are some examples of quantitative traits?

Answer 9

Height, blood pressure, IQ, etc. (mentioned orally 10/8)

Question 10

_______ is the process of replacing a normal gene with a mutant gene.

Answer 10

Gene Knockout (Gene Targeting)

Question 11

What gene editing system is used to introduce mutations directly into the target site in embryonic stem (ES) cells?

Answer 11

CRISPR/Cas9

Question 12

What does it mean when mouse (or another organism) breeding is “true”?

Answer 12

Based on inbreeding, the inherited maternal genome is the same as the inherited paternal genome (mentioned orally 10/8)

Question 13

_______ are genetically identical mice that are used in research.

Answer 13

Inbred strains

Question 14

Name three things that can be studied in mice but not humans.

Answer 14

Transgenics, knockouts, mutagenesis

Question 15

The offspring of two distinct inbred lines are called _______ and are all identical.

Answer 15

F1

Question 16

What is the term for the introduction of a foreign or altered gene?

Answer 16

Transgenic

Question 17

What type of alleles are still present in a transgenic mouse?

Answer 17

Normal (endogenous)

Question 18

What type of mouse allows for the study of the biological effects of a manipulated allele?

Answer 18

Knockout

Question 19

Why are F1 gametes not homozygous (in terms of polymorphisms)?

Answer 19

Due to recombination/crossing over (mentioned orally 10/8)

Question 20

What can be studied by using both the transgenic overexpression and knockout approaches?

Answer 20

Protein function/signaling pathways in embryology and physiology

Question 21

Are Backcrosses used with mapping autosomal recessive traits or autosomal dominant traits?

Answer 21

Autosomal dominant (mentioned orally 10/8)

Question 22

Protein function/signaling pathways in embryology and physiology

Answer 22

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism

Question 23

The transgenic construct is integrated into what part of the mouse?

Answer 23

Genome

Question 24

What is the term for the interaction of multiple genes that can affect a trait, which needs to be considered in QTL mapping?

Answer 24

Epistasis

Question 25

A Backcross is F1 crossed with _____.

Answer 25

P (parental line)

Question 26

An intercross (F2) is F1 crossed with _______.

Answer 26

F1

Question 27

True or False: An intercross is used to map autosomal recessive traits.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

What method can be used to create intergenic suppressors of other genes?

Answer 28

Overexpressing inhibitory RNAs or proteins

Question 29

What is MoI?

Answer 29

Multiplicity of Infection (amount of virus/bacteria needed to infect an organism; varies) (mentioned orally 10/8)

Question 30

What type of expression can be studied in transgenic mice?

Answer 30

Constitutive and tissue specific expression

Question 31

How many inbred mouse strains are there?

Answer 31

Over 100

Question 32

What is an advantage of using inbred strains in research?

Answer 32

They allow us to cancel out genetic noise due to meiotic crossovers.