Vest 2

Question 1

A 5’ methyl G cap is added to the pre-mRNA during transcription to protect against 5’ ___________ and facilitate translation.

Answer 1

degradation

Question 2

Internal ___________ in RNA can influence stability, splicing, and translation.

Answer 2

methylation

Question 3

The ___________ (primary transcript) consists of exon (5’ UTR, protein-coding region, 3’ UTR) and intron sequences.

Answer 3

pre-mRNA

Question 4

___________ occurs to remove intron sequences from the primary transcript.

Answer 4

Splicing

Question 5

Polymerase II transcripts need ___________ (snRNA + specific protein complexes) to splice out introns.

Answer 5

snRNPs

Question 6

snRNP 1 binds to the ___________ splice site.

Answer 6

5’

Question 7

snRNP 2 binds to the ___________.

Answer 7

Branchpoint

Question 8

___________ binds to the polypyrimidine tract.

Answer 8

U2AF

Question 9

Alternative ___________ generates multiple mRNAs and proteins from a single primary transcript.

Answer 9

splicing

Question 10

The ___________ tail consists of ~ 200 A residues.

Answer 10

poly(A)

Question 11

The poly(A) tail has multiple functions, including protecting the mRNA from 3’ ___________ and enhancing translation.

Answer 11

degradation

Question 12

Histone RNAs are stabilized by a 3’ ___________ structure.

Answer 12

stem-loop

Question 13

The stem-loop of histone RNA recruits the ___________.

Answer 13

stem-loop binding protein (SLBP)

Question 14

Downstream ___________ recruits U7 snRNP to histone RNA.

Answer 14

AAGAAG

Question 15

SLBP and U7 recruit the ___________ complex and the histone cleavage complex (HCC) to the histone RNA.

Answer 15

FLASH/Lsm

Question 16

The histone cleavage complex uses components of the ___________ complex including CPSF73 (aka CPSF2) to cleave the 3’ end of the histone RNA.

Answer 16

CPSF

Question 17

___________ mediates nuclear export of histone RNA by recruiting nuclear export protein ALYREF and TAP/NXF1 nuclear export receptor.

Answer 17

SLBP

Question 18

___________ like MALAT1 have 3’ triple helices.

Answer 18

lncRNAs

Question 19

The 3’ triple helices on lncRNAs serve to protect them from the nuclear ___________ and other RNA decay components.

Answer 19

exosome

Question 20

The genetic code consists of ___________ codons.

Answer 20

64

Question 21

A ___________ is a set of nucleotides (3 in number) that encodes a single amino acid.

Answer 21

codon

Question 22

___________ is the initiation codon.

Answer 22

AUG

Question 23

___________, ___________, and ___________ are termination (stop) codons.

Answer 23

UAA, UAG, and UGA

Question 24

___________ code: A specific amino acid may be specified by more than one codon.

Answer 24

Degenerate

Question 25

___________ codons: codons that specify the same amino acid.

Answer 25

Synonymous

Question 26

___________ tRNAs: different tRNAs can accept the same amino acid but have different anticodons.

Answer 26

Isoaccepting

Question 27

The reading frame of a mRNA sequence is determined by the ___________ codon and sets the translational start site.

Answer 27

start (AUG)

Question 28

___________ optimization refers to the relative abundance of the corresponding tRNAs.

Answer 28

Codon

Question 29

The ___________ of an mRNA molecule takes place on a ribosome.

Answer 29

translation

Question 30

___________-tRNA synthetases are responsible for tRNA charging.

Answer 30

Aminoacyl

Question 31

The specificity between a/an _________ and its tRNA is determined by each individual aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases.

Answer 31

amino acid

Question 32

tRNA ___________: the attachment of a tRNA to its appropriate amino acid.

Answer 32

charging

Question 33

The ___________–Dalgarno consensus sequence in bacterial cells is recognized by the small unit of ribosome.

Answer 33

Shine

Question 34

The ___________ sequence in eukaryotic cells facilitates the identification of the start codon.

Answer 34

Kozak

Question 35

The initiation (or start) codon in bacterial cells is usually ___________.

Answer 35

AUG

Question 36

The initiation codon in eukaryotic cells is usually ___________.

Answer 36

AUG

Question 37

During initiation in bacterial cells, the nucleotides in the Shine-Dalgarno sequence base pair with their complementary nucleotides in the ___________ small ribosomal RNA.

Answer 37

16s

Question 38

Translation initiation requires initiation factors and ___________.

Answer 38

GTP

Question 39

In eukaryotes, translation initiation is facilitated by interactions between the proteins binding the ___________ and the cap-binding proteins.

Answer 39

poly(A) tail