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ENRP > Menstrual Cycle > Flashcards

Menstrual Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

What axis controls the menstrual cycle?

A

H-P-O

= hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian

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2
Q

What does the Hypothalamus release for the HPO axis?

A

GnRH from the arcuate nucleus

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3
Q

Once the hypothalamus releases GnRH, what does that go to stimulate?

A

Anterior pituitary to synthesize and release LH and FSH

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4
Q

Once the Anterior pituitary synthesizes and releases LH and FSH what does that stimulate?

A

Ovarian follicle to release Estrogen and Progesterone

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5
Q

What cells does LH stimulate and what do they release?

A

Theca cells

–> Androgens (testosterone)

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6
Q

What cells does FSH stimulate and what does that do?

A

Granulosa cells

–> converts the androgens from theca cells into Estrogens

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7
Q

What are the 2 phases of the ovarian cycle?

A
  1. Follicular phase (onset of menses to LH surge)

2. Luteal phase (LH surge to onset of menses)

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8
Q

Describe the levels of Estradiol (estrogen) during the menstrual cycle

A

Peaks before LH surge

  • -> falls right before ovulation
  • -> rises after ovulation and then falls as menses begin
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9
Q

Describe the levels of Progesterone during the menstrual cycle

A

Low and then rises after the LH surge

–> will fall before menses begin

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10
Q

What layer of the endometrium is sloughed off and what arteries does it contain?

A

Functionalis

– spiral arteires

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11
Q

What layer of the endometrium remains unchanged and contains basal arteries?

A

Basalis

– provides stem cells to the functionalis layer

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12
Q

What marks Day 1 of the menstrual cycle?

A

Menses begin

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13
Q

When does Menarche usually occur?

A

12 years old

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14
Q

Menarche will occur within ____ years of Thelarche

A

2-3 years

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15
Q

Primary Amenorrhea

A
  • NO menstruation by 13 WITHOUT secondary sexual characteristics
    OR
  • NO menstruation by 15 WITH secondary sexual characteristics
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16
Q

Primary Amenorrhea

A
  • No menstruation by 13 WITHOUT secondary sexual characteristics
    OR
  • No menstruation by 15 WITH secondary sexual characteristics
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17
Q

What is the average time length for menstrual cycles?

A

21-35 days

18
Q

More than 80cc, changing pads every 1-2 hours constitutes?

A

Excessive menstrual flow

19
Q

Secondary Amenorrhea

A

Patient with prior menses has ABSENT menses for longer than 6 months

20
Q

Secondary Amenorrhea

A

Patient with prior menses has ABSENT menses for longer than 6 months

21
Q

Polymenorrhea

A

Abnormally frequent menses at intervals < 21 days

22
Q

Abnormally frequent menses at intervals < 21 days

A

Polymenorrhea

23
Q

Menorrhagia

A

Excessive or prolonged bleeding at normal intervals

> 80ml and > 7 days

24
Q

Excessive or prolonged bleeding at normal intervals

A

Menorrhagia

25
Q

Metrorrhagia

A

Irregular episodes of uterine bleeding

26
Q

Irregular episodes of uterine bleeding

A

Metrorrhagia

27
Q

Menometrorrhagia

A

Heavy and irregular uterine bleeding

28
Q

Heavy AND irregular uterine bleeding

A

Menometrorrhagia

29
Q

Oligomenorrhea

A

Menstrual cycles occurring > 35 days but less than 6 months

30
Q

Menstrual cycles occurring > 35 days but less than 6 months

A

Oligomenorrhea

31
Q

Intermenstrual bleeding

A

Scant bleeding at ovulation for 1-2 days

32
Q

Scant bleeding at ovulation for 1-2 days

A

Intermenstrual bleeding

33
Q

DUB (dysfunctional uterine bleeding)

A

Abnormal uterine bleeding NOT attributable to meds or other conditions

34
Q

Abnormal uterine bleeding that is not attributable to meds or other conditions?

A

DUB (dysfunctional uterine bleeding)

35
Q

When do most cases of DUB occur?

A

Around menarche or perimenopause

36
Q

How do you classify DUB?

A

PALM - COEIN

37
Q

How do you classify DUB?

A

PALM - COEIN

38
Q

PALM causes of DUB?

A

Structural

  • Polyps
  • Adenomyosis
  • Leiomyoma
  • Malignancy
39
Q

COEIN causes of DUB?

A

Non-structural

  • Coagulopathy
  • Ovulatory dysfunction
  • Endometrial
  • Iatrogenic
  • Not yet classified
40
Q

PALM-COEIN

A

Polyps
Adenomyosis
Leiomyoma
Malignancy

Coagulopathy
Ovulatory dysfunction
Endometrial
Iatrogenic
Not yet classified

ENRP (45 decks)

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