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OBGYN > menstruation > Flashcards

menstruation Flashcards

1
Q

what is peristcsis or ciliary action

A

movement of egg through the fallopean tube under the action of cilia

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2
Q

how many eggs are utilised in females during her menstural life

A

400-450

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3
Q

life of the oocyte

A

24-48 hours (best answere 24 hours)

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4
Q

where does fertilisation take place in fallopian tube

A

ampulla

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5
Q

implantation window in females

A

6th the 9th day of ovulation or 20-24 days of menstural cycle

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6
Q

which hormone is responsible for secretory endometrium and how is it produced

A

progestrone, produced by corpus luteum

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7
Q

hormone responsible for proliferatory endometrium

A

estrogen, source-follicles

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8
Q

mittle shmers

A

mid cycle pain when the follicle ruptures and blood

goes to the pouch of douglas which is located behind uterus hence pain is felt

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9
Q

what is irregular and non ovulation cycle called

A

anovulatory cycle

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10
Q

why doesn’t uterus form blood clots during mensturation

A

due to the presence of fibrinolysins in uterus which keeps bloof in fluid state

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11
Q

what cause membranous dysmenorrhea

A

absence of fibrinolytic system which leads to clotting of blood and painful mensturation

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12
Q

what do we call the menstural cycle which comes before than 21 days

A

polymonorrhea

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13
Q

what do we call the menstural cycle which comes after

35 days

A

oligomenorrhea

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14
Q

amount of blood loss in mensturation

A

50-70 ml per cycle(per month)

excessive more than 80ml(menorrhagia)

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15
Q

what is polymenorrhaghia

A

mensturation comes before 21 days and more tha 80 ml blood loss

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16
Q

what is metorrhagia

A

intermenstural bleeding or (spooting)

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17
Q

what is menometorrhagia

A

irregular acyclic bleeding

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18
Q

world menopause average

A

51 years

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19
Q

what is the main purpous of FSH

A

increase estrogen in blood so that brain can then signal LH release

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20
Q

what is the main purpous of LH

A

increase progestrone

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21
Q

what is premature ovarian failure

A

FSH more than 40 , age less than 40

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22
Q

single best parameter to calculate ovarian capacity

A 
antimullerian hormone (2-6ng/dl) normal value
decrease in value is sign of decrease follicle
23
Q

what is primary dysmenorrhea

A

pain starts 30 minutes before onset of periods and last 10 hour after onset

24
Q

what kind of dysmenorrhea is seen in PID(pelvic inflammatory disease) and endometriosis

A

secondary dysmenorrhea

25
Q

what is polymenorrhea

A

period comes before 21 days

26
Q

what is oligomenorrhea

A

period comes after 35 days

27
Q

what is menorrhagia

A

intermenstrual bleeding (15 days , spotting)

28
Q

what is menometrorrhagia

A

irregular acyclic bleeding

29
Q

what is AMENORRHEA

A

no period for 6 months, or missing of 3 regular cycles

30
Q

what is post menopausal bleeding

A

bleeding after 1 year of menopause

31
Q

what is Metropathia haemorrhagica

A 
prolonged amenorrhea followed by heavy withdrawal(bleeding) 
amenorrhea-2 1/5- 3 months
in a women >40 year age
anovulatory cycle
self limiting
32
Q

how is Metropathia haemorrhagica diagnosed

A

by curettage method we can see cystic glandular hyperplasia(swiss cheese endometrium)

33
Q

what enzyme converts androgens to estrogen in ovary

A

aromatase enzyme

34
Q

what cells produce estrogen in ovary

A

granulosa cells

35
Q

how many antral follicles are produced in a female per month

A

6-7

36
Q

how many primordial follicles

A

1000

37
Q

levels of FSH suggestive of menopause and confirm diagnosis levels

A

> 10iu (suggestive) , >40iu(diagnosis)

38
Q

normal FSH LEVEL

A

2-6IU

39
Q

what is premature ovarian failure

A

FSH>40 in age <40years

40
Q

waht are the paremeters of ovarian reserve

A 
increase age
decrease Antral Follicular Count
decrease ovary size
increase FSH
decrease Anti Mullerian hormone
41
Q

normal value of Anti Mullerian hormone(AMH)

A

2-6ng/dl . produced by granulosa cells , it stops the follicular growth

42
Q

single best parameter of ovarian reserve

A

AMH(anti mullerian hormone)

43
Q

how much time does corpus luteum remain in pregnancy

A

upto 12 weeks

44
Q

at what time luteo-placental shift occurs

A

6th week

45
Q

what is spinnbarkeit stretchability

A

cervical mucosa stretchability (seen maximum at 14th day)

46
Q

what hormone cause ferning/spinnbarkeit stretchability

A

estrogen

47
Q

what is Billing Method

A

its a natural method of contraception based on cervical mucosa stretchability

48
Q

fertile period in women

A

11th to 16th day

49
Q

life span of sperm and ovum

A

72 hours , 24-48 hours

50
Q

what is the mechanism of action of progesterone only pills

A
  1. cervical mucosa will become very thick and viscous hence entry of sperm is difficult
  2. anovulation due to high progesterone
  3. unfavourable implantation due to hypersecretory endometrium or out of phase endometrium
51
Q

first ivf baby

A

louis brown (1978) she is a girl

52
Q

first ivf treatment is done by

A

steptoe and edwards , edward won nobel prize in 2010

53
Q

what are frozen embryo transfers

A

excess embryos are stored in liquid N2 (-196 ) its called vitrification

54
Q

what is the sucess rate of ivf

A

40-45%

OBGYN (7 decks)

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