menstruation

Question 1

what is peristcsis or ciliary action

Answer 1

movement of egg through the fallopean tube under the action of cilia

Question 2

how many eggs are utilised in females during her menstural life

Answer 2

400-450

Question 3

life of the oocyte

Answer 3

24-48 hours (best answere 24 hours)

Question 4

where does fertilisation take place in fallopian tube

Answer 4

ampulla

Question 5

implantation window in females

Answer 5

6th the 9th day of ovulation or 20-24 days of menstural cycle

Question 6

which hormone is responsible for secretory endometrium and how is it produced

Answer 6

progestrone, produced by corpus luteum

Question 7

hormone responsible for proliferatory endometrium

Answer 7

estrogen, source-follicles

Question 8

mittle shmers

Answer 8

mid cycle pain when the follicle ruptures and blood

goes to the pouch of douglas which is located behind uterus hence pain is felt

Question 9

what is irregular and non ovulation cycle called

Answer 9

anovulatory cycle

Question 10

why doesn’t uterus form blood clots during mensturation

Answer 10

due to the presence of fibrinolysins in uterus which keeps bloof in fluid state

Question 11

what cause membranous dysmenorrhea

Answer 11

absence of fibrinolytic system which leads to clotting of blood and painful mensturation

Question 12

what do we call the menstural cycle which comes before than 21 days

Answer 12

polymonorrhea

Question 13

what do we call the menstural cycle which comes after

35 days

Answer 13

oligomenorrhea

Question 14

amount of blood loss in mensturation

Answer 14

50-70 ml per cycle(per month)

excessive more than 80ml(menorrhagia)

Question 15

what is polymenorrhaghia

Answer 15

mensturation comes before 21 days and more tha 80 ml blood loss

Question 16

what is metorrhagia

Answer 16

intermenstural bleeding or (spooting)

Question 17

what is menometorrhagia

Answer 17

irregular acyclic bleeding

Question 18

world menopause average

Answer 18

51 years

Question 19

what is the main purpous of FSH

Answer 19

increase estrogen in blood so that brain can then signal LH release

Question 20

what is the main purpous of LH

Answer 20

increase progestrone

Question 21

what is premature ovarian failure

Answer 21

FSH more than 40 , age less than 40

Question 22

single best parameter to calculate ovarian capacity

Answer 22

antimullerian hormone (2-6ng/dl) normal value
decrease in value is sign of decrease follicle

Question 23

what is primary dysmenorrhea

Answer 23

pain starts 30 minutes before onset of periods and last 10 hour after onset

Question 24

what kind of dysmenorrhea is seen in PID(pelvic inflammatory disease) and endometriosis

Answer 24

secondary dysmenorrhea

Question 25

what is polymenorrhea

Answer 25

period comes before 21 days

Question 26

what is oligomenorrhea

Answer 26

period comes after 35 days

Question 27

what is menorrhagia

Answer 27

intermenstrual bleeding (15 days , spotting)

Question 28

what is menometrorrhagia

Answer 28

irregular acyclic bleeding

Question 29

what is AMENORRHEA

Answer 29

no period for 6 months, or missing of 3 regular cycles

Question 30

what is post menopausal bleeding

Answer 30

bleeding after 1 year of menopause

Question 31

what is Metropathia haemorrhagica

Answer 31

``` prolonged amenorrhea followed by heavy withdrawal(bleeding) amenorrhea-2 1/5- 3 months in a women >40 year age anovulatory cycle self limiting ```

Question 32

how is Metropathia haemorrhagica diagnosed

Answer 32

by curettage method we can see cystic glandular hyperplasia(swiss cheese endometrium)

Question 33

what enzyme converts androgens to estrogen in ovary

Answer 33

aromatase enzyme

Question 34

what cells produce estrogen in ovary

Answer 34

granulosa cells

Question 35

how many antral follicles are produced in a female per month

Answer 35

6-7

Question 36

how many primordial follicles

Answer 36

1000

Question 37

levels of FSH suggestive of menopause and confirm diagnosis levels

Answer 37

>10iu (suggestive) , >40iu(diagnosis)

Question 38

normal FSH LEVEL

Answer 38

2-6IU

Question 39

what is premature ovarian failure

Answer 39

FSH>40 in age <40years

Question 40

waht are the paremeters of ovarian reserve

Answer 40

``` increase age decrease Antral Follicular Count decrease ovary size increase FSH decrease Anti Mullerian hormone ```

Question 41

normal value of Anti Mullerian hormone(AMH)

Answer 41

2-6ng/dl . produced by granulosa cells , it stops the follicular growth

Question 42

single best parameter of ovarian reserve

Answer 42

AMH(anti mullerian hormone)

Question 43

how much time does corpus luteum remain in pregnancy

Answer 43

upto 12 weeks

Question 44

at what time luteo-placental shift occurs

Answer 44

6th week

Question 45

what is spinnbarkeit stretchability

Answer 45

cervical mucosa stretchability (seen maximum at 14th day)

Question 46

what hormone cause ferning/spinnbarkeit stretchability

Answer 46

estrogen

Question 47

what is Billing Method

Answer 47

its a natural method of contraception based on cervical mucosa stretchability

Question 48

fertile period in women

Answer 48

11th to 16th day

Question 49

life span of sperm and ovum

Answer 49

72 hours , 24-48 hours

Question 50

what is the mechanism of action of progesterone only pills

Answer 50

1. cervical mucosa will become very thick and viscous hence entry of sperm is difficult 2. anovulation due to high progesterone 3. unfavourable implantation due to hypersecretory endometrium or out of phase endometrium

Question 51

first ivf baby

Answer 51

louis brown (1978) she is a girl

Question 52

first ivf treatment is done by

Answer 52

steptoe and edwards , edward won nobel prize in 2010

Question 53

what are frozen embryo transfers

Answer 53

excess embryos are stored in liquid N2 (-196 ) its called vitrification

Question 54

what is the sucess rate of ivf

Answer 54

40-45%