Menstruation and disorders of menstruation

Question 1

Normal menstruation depends on normal function of

Answer 1

Hypothallamus
Pitiutary gland
ovaries
uterus

Question 2

What is the menstrual cycle

Answer 2

Series of regular cyclical changes in ovaries and uterus experienced by non pregnant women in their reproductive years from onset of menses to cessation of menses.

Question 3

Mernache is

Answer 3

onset of menses

Question 4

common mode or cycle in reproductive ages

Answer 4

28 day cycle

Question 5

Day of ovulation in cycle

Answer 5

14th day

Question 6

Irregular cycles occur

Answer 6

2 years after menarche

3 years after menopause

Question 7

Mean age for menarche and menopause

Answer 7

12 and 48 respectively

Question 8

Number of ovaries in fetus at 16-20 wks of pregnancy

Answer 8

6-7 million declining to 2 million at birth and 300,000,-500000 at puberty.

About 500 used for ovulation, the rest undergo degeneration

Question 9

Beginning of onset of action FSH and LH

Answer 9

9-12 years leading to activation of ovaries which produce estrogen and progesterone and menstrual cycle begins

Question 10

FSH and LH are what molecules

Answer 10

glycoproteins

Question 11

Ovarian cycle involves

Answer 11

All events from the development of primordial follicle to the formation of corpus albicans

Question 12

Stages of follicular development

Answer 12

Primordial-
primary
secondary
tertiary
graafian

Question 13

Primordial follicle is

Answer 13

The ovum in the child at birth

Question 14

Primary follicle

Answer 14

First stage of follicular growth where immature ovarian follicle is surrounded by a single layer of cuboidal follicular cells

Question 15

Secondary follicle is

Answer 15

Second stage where the oocyte is surrounded by granulosa cells

Question 16

Tertiary follicle is

Answer 16

oocyte is characterized by a fluid filled space called antrum

Question 17

Graafian follicle is

Answer 17

Mature oocyte which ruptures to release ovum in ovulation. it is located eccentrically in follicle

Question 18

Minor bleeding occuring as a result of rapture of follicle into abdominal cavity causes peritoneal irritaation called

Answer 18

Mittelschmerz pain

Question 19

This hormone is required for ovulation to occur

Answer 19

LH

Question 20

Stages of changes in endometrium in response to progesterone and estrogen

Answer 20

Proliferation
Secretion
Menstruation

Question 21

Parts of endometrium and resposes to hormones

Answer 21

2 Layers

Functional layer consisting of compacta and spongioss which responds to hormonal stimulation

The basal layer which remains intact through menstrual cycle and does not respond to hormonal changes

Question 22

At the end of menstrual period the functional layer is

Answer 22

sloughed off
necrotic
devoid of surface epithelium
thin
Glands are softened
stroma infiltrated by white and red blood cells

Question 23

Average blood loss in menstruation

Answer 23

30-80mL

Question 24

Menstrual blood clots or not?

Answer 24

Menstrual blood is non clotting because of fibrinolysin

prescence of clot indicates a uterine pathology

Question 25

Anovulatory cycles

Answer 25

Failuire to ovulate but have fairly regular menstrual cycles

Question 26

Abnormal uterine bleeding

Answer 26

Causes heavy menstrual bleeding

Question 27

Amenorrhea

Answer 27

No menstruation

Question 28

Irregular menstrual bleeding

Answer 28

Bleeding between periods

Question 29

Dysmenorrheaa

Answer 29

Painful menstrual periods

Question 30

Pre menstrual syndromes

Answer 30

Physical and psychological symptoms associated with menstrual cycles

Question 31

Hypomenorrhea

Answer 31

Scanty menses during norml menses

Question 32

Menorrhagia

Answer 32

abnormally profuse flow during normal menses

Question 33

Metrorrhagia

Answer 33

Bleeding from the uterus between periods

Question 34

Oligomenorrhea

Answer 34

reduced frequency of periods

Question 35

Causes of menorrhagia

Answer 35

Abnormalities in uterus like fibroids,polyps Hormonal imbalances Medical conditions

Question 36

Medical conditions causing menorrhagia

Answer 36

``` Thyroid problems Blood clotting disorders, like von Willebrand dx Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura Liver or kidney dx leukemia medications like anticoagulants ```

Question 37

Types of amenorrhea

Answer 37

Primary - Menstrual bleeding has never occurred Secondary- Cessation of menstrual cycles in a woman with previous normal periods

Question 38

Causes of primary amenorrhea

Answer 38

Abnormalities in endocrine system which produces hormones Low body weight due to eating disorders excessive exercise medication Ovarian dysfunction Hypothalamic lesions or delayed maturation of pituitary glands genetic abnormalities

Question 39

Secondary amenorrhea causes

Answer 39

``` Pregnancy Problems that cause low estrogen-stress,weight loss,excercise,illness pitutary problems-Hyperprolactinemia ovarian disorders oophrectomy hypothalamic problems Thyroid problems ```

Question 40

Dysmenorrhea often dissapears after

Answer 40

First pregnancy occurs due to accumulation of prostaglandins in uterus

Question 41

Physical symptoms of PMS

Answer 41

``` Bloating swollen, painful breasts constipation headaches clumsiness fatigue ```

Question 42

Emotional symptoms of PMS

Answer 42

``` crying/depression anger anxiety moodswings tension lack of concentration ```