Mental Disorders Flashcards

Question

What is Histrionic personality disorder?

Answer 1

- attention-seekers that always need to be the center of attention and they feel uncomfortable when they are not. - They are often thought of as being shallow. -They may engage in seductive or provocative behavior to draw attention to themselves. - The estimated prevalence of histrionic personality disorder is 2% of adults in the United States.

Answer 2

- believe they are special and unique. - exaggerate their achievements or talents. - often take advantage of others - Their behavior is arrogant. - They lack empathy. - estimated prevalence of narcissistic personality disorder is 1% of adults in the United States.

Answer 3

frequent mood swings, volatile relationships, social isolation, suspicion and mistrust of others, difficulty forming close relationships, and impulsivity

Answer 4

etiology of personality disorders is idiopathic; however, genetics and environmental factors may play a role in the development of personality disorders.

Answer 5

diagnose - complete medical history, physical examination, laboratory testing, and comprehensive psychiatric evaluation. treat - depends on the particular personality disorder and may include psychotherapy and medications to reduce signs and symptoms (antidepressants, mood stabilizers, anti-anxiety medications, and antipsychotics).

Answer 6

- a group of conditions marked by an unhealthy relationship with food. - It is estimated that 8 million Americans have an eating disorder: 7 million women and 1 million men. - The main types of eating disorders are anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder.

Answer 7

- People with anorexia nervosa see themselves as overweight, even when they are clearly underweight. - Eating, food, and weight control become obsessions. - s/s may include extreme thinness, an intense fear of gaining weight, extremely restricted eating, and a distorted body image. - An estimated 0.6% of the adult population in the United States suffers from anorexia. - Women are three times more likely get anorexia - etiology is unknown but believed to be family and social factors (stress, promoting thinnes, engaged in sports so they r encouraged to attain less-than-healthy body weight, genetic predisposition, intelligent, compulsive personality and is driven to achieve)

Answer 8

- cycles of extreme overeating followed by behavior that compensates for the overeating such as vomiting, use of laxatives, fasting, and excessive exercise - The compensatory behavior is done in secret and is often accompanied by feelings of disgust or shame. - People with bulimia nervosa usually maintain a normal weight. - s/s of bulimia nervosa may include damaged teeth and gums, dehydration, intestinal distress and irritation, going to the bathroom after eating or during meals, and sores in the throat and mouth. - estimated 1% of the adult population in the US suffers from bulimia nervosa (19% of college age females) - Women are three times more likely to experience bulimia

Answer 9

- regular episodes of extreme overeating without trying to compensate for the behavior. - People with binge eating disorder are often overweight or obese. - People with binge eating disorder experience guilt, shame, and distress about their binge eating, which can lead to more binge eating. - s/s may include the disappearance of large amounts of food in a short time, finding lots of empty food wrappers or containers, hoarding food, hiding large quantities of food in strange places, and constantly dieting but rarely losing weight. - An estimated 3% of the adult population in the United States suffers from binge eating disorder. - Women are 75% more likely to have binge eating disorder

Answer 10

diagnose - complete medical history, physical examination, laboratory testing, and comprehensive psychiatric evaluation. treat - medical care and monitoring, psychotherapy, weight restoration, nutritional counseling, medications (antidepressants, anti-anxiety medications, mood stabilizers), and hospitalization.

Answer 11

persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity. estimated to occur in 5% of school-age children and 2.5% of adults in the United States. ADHD usually becomes evident in the preschool or early elementary years. The median age of onset of ADHD is 7, although the disorder can persist into adolescence and occasionally into adulthood. etiology is idiopathic (appears to be familial pattern, could be genetic)

Answer 12

- inattention - has trouble staying focused - has difficulty remembering things - following instructionS - makes careless mistakes - hyperactivity - constantly fidgets and squirms - moves around constantly, - talks excessively - impulsivity - frequently interrupts others - acts without thinking - does not wait their turn

Answer 13

diagnose - complete med history, physical exam, lab testing, educational testing, comphrehensive psych eval, brain-wave test (EEG to measure theta and beta brain waves which have certain combos more prevalent in kids with adhf) treatment - no cure, stimulant med to increase levels of dopamine and norepinephrine, non-controlled agent atomoxetine, vitamin syppleentation, special ed w/ structured environment and routine, behavior modification, soical skills training and counseling, parenting skills training and family psychotherapy

Answer 14

excessive fear and anxiety - most common class of mental disorders w/ estimated prevlance of anxiety disorders is 18% of adults in the United States. Most prople with an anxiety disorder will have their first episode by age 21 The etiology of anxiety disorders is idiopathic; however, genetics and environmental, psychological, and developmental factors may play a role in their development (anxiety prone, phyerthroidism, cerebrovascular disorder, dysfunction in frontal lobe).

Answer 15

- recurring, severe panic attacks that strike suddenly and repeatedly with no warning. - s/s of a panic attack may include sweating, chest pain, trembling, nausea, lightheadedness, chills or hot flashes, and shortness of breath. (also derealization or depersonalization) -estimated prevalence of panic disorder is 3% of adults in the United States. - The median age of onset is 24.

Answer 16

- constant disturbing thoughts or fears that cause them to perform certain rituals or routines. - The estimated prevalence of OCD is 1% of adults in the United States. - The first symptoms of OCD often begin during childhood or adolescence; however, the median age of onset is 19

Answer 17

- Develops after a traumatic or terrifying event. s/s: flashbacks, nightmares, and severe anxiety, as well as uncontrolled thoughts about the event. -estimated prevalence of PTSD is 4% of adults in the United States. - PTSD can develop at any age but the median age of onset is 23.

Answer 18

- excessive and unreasonable fear of social situations - anxiety is a result of fear of being watched, judged, and critized by others. - estimated prevalence of social anxiety disorder is 7% of adults in the United States. - Social phobia begins in childhood or adolescence, typically around age 13.

Answer 19

- persistent, irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation that leads to a compelling desire to avoid it. - The estimated prevalence of specific phobia is 9% of adults in the United States - Specific phobia usually begins in childhood; the median age of onset is 7.

Answer 20

- Longlasting anxiety that is not focused on any one object or situation - free-floating anxiety - live ina a constant state of apparently causeless anxiety (constantly worry about previous mistakes and future problems, dislike making decisions) - estimated prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder is 3% of adults in the United States. - The median age of onset is 31.

Answer 21

- intense fear and anxiety of any place or situation where escape might be difficult - avoidance of situations such as being alone outside of the home; traveling in a car, bus, or airplane; or being in a crowded area. - The estimated prevalence of agoraphobia is 0.8% of adults in the United States. - The median age of onset is 20.

Answer 22

vary depending on the type of anxiety disorder, but general signs and symptoms include: - overwhelming feelings of panic and fear - uncontrolled obsessive thoughts - painful and intrusive memories - recurring nightmares - physical signs and symptoms (such as nausea, heart palpitations, muscle tension).

Answer 23

Diagnose - complete medical history, physical examination, laboratory testing, and comprehensive psychiatric evaluation (may do PET to detect chemica activity or metabolism of the brain and biochemical studies) Treat- anti-anxiety meds, which depress the central nervous system and slow normal brain function, and psychotherapy, hypnosis, relaxation (systemic desensitivization, progressive relaxation, breathing exercise, guided imagery), biofeedback, physical activity, anxiolyric drug, SSRI

Answer 24

unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks. Mood shifts between mania and depression may occur only a few times a year, or as often as several times a day. The prevalence of bipolar disorder is 2.6% of adults in the United States. The median age of onset for bipolar disorder is 25. etiology of bipolar disorder is idiopathic, but genetics, environmental factors, and neurotransmitters may play a role in the development of bipolar disorder

Answer 25

Manic: - euphoria - increased energy and activity - rapid speech - racing thoughts - inflated self-esteen - impulsive behavior - being easily distracted - decreased need for sleep - impaired judgement - spend money extravagantly - behavior may appear bizarre, grandiose or promiscuous Depressive: - sadness - hopelessness - loss of interest in activities once considered enjoyable - problems concentrating - change in eating or sleeping pattern - suicidal behavior or thoughts

Answer 26

diagnose - complete medical history, physical exam, lab testing, comprehensive psych eval treat - mood-stabilizing and antidepressant meds (increase availabilty of neurotransmitters) w/ anticonvuslants, atypical antipsychotics, and psychotherapy,

Answer 27

- distorts the way a person thinks, acts, expresses emotions, perceives reality, and relates to others - estimated prevalence of schizophrenia is 1.1% of the adult population in the US - Schizophrenia affects men and women equally. - Schizophrenia often first appears in men in their late teens or early 20s. - In contrast, women are generally affected in their 20s or early 30s - etiology of schizophrenia is idiopathic; however, a combo of genetics and environment is thought to contribute to the development of schizophrenia.

Answer 28

- hallucinations - delusions - disordered speech and behavrios (alogia) - lack of motivation and emotional expression (abolition) - problems making sense of info - difficulty paying attention - social withdrawal - poor personal hygeine - memory problesm - affective flattening (lack of emotional expression or unreasonable outbursts of emotions)

Answer 29

diagnose - group of psychotic s/s, complete medical history, physical examination, laboratory testing, family interviews & comprehensive psychiatric evaluation, PET< FMR, MEG, Rorschach test, Thematic Apperception est, Minnesota Mltiphasic Personality INventory (MMPI) treat - antipsychotic meds (block receptor for dopamine in brain and help reduce s/s of schizophrenia), neuroleptic agents can cause extrapyramidal side effects (EPSs), social skill and vocational training and fmaily and indiv psychotherapy

Answer 30

range of complex developmental disorders that can cause problems with thinking, feeling, language and ability to relate to others - likely to have communication deficits, including responding inappropriately in conversations, misread nonverbal interaction - many r sensitive to changes in enviroonment and r found to depend on routines - first diagnosed in childhood, 5x more in boys - 1 in 68 children have ASD (30% higher than 2008 (1 in 99), 60% higher than 2006 (1 in 110) and 120% higher than 2002 and 2000 (1 in 150) - usually not diagnosed thill 4 but can be diagnosed at 2

Answer 31

differ greatly: - can have normal cognitive skills or cognitive challenges. - communication problems (difficulty using or understanding language), - difficulty relating to people - trouble making friends and interacting with people - difficulty reading facial expressions - difficulty making eye contact) - repetitive body movements or behaviors - hand flapping or repeating sounds or phrases - social isolation, coginitive impairment, language deficits, repetitive naturalistic motions, aversion to physical contact

Answer 32

diagnose - screenign for developmental milestones from birth to at least 36 months of age, referal to mental health professional, comprehneisvie diagnostic eval, complete medical history, hearing and vision screening, genetics testing, neurological testing, comprehensive psych evalv treat - changes in the child’s academic program; speech, occupational, and physical therapy; behavioral programs to improve social and communication difficulties; and pharmacological intervention for other mental disorders, SSRIs, antiepileptics, stimulants

Answer 33

- psychaitrists - pediatricians - pediatric neurologist, - psychologists - special educators - speech and langauge therapists - social workers

Answer 34

- significant limitations in 2 main areasL intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior (use of everyday social and practical skills) - 1-3% of US population

Answer 35

-delays in cognitive skills, language, and adaptive skills.

Answer 36

- genetic conditions (trisomy 21, fragile X syndrome, phenylketonuria), - problems during pregnancy (maternal alcohol or drug use, certain infections, malnutrition), - problems at birth (oxygen deprivation, premature birth, low birth weight) - certain infections during childhood (measles meningitis, whooping cough), - injury during childhood (severe head injury, near drowning, extreme malnutrition, lead poisoning), or unknown causes

Answer 37

diagnose - complete history, phsical exam, genetic testing, imaging studies, metabolic screening, comprehensive psych eval treat -therapy (speech, occupational, physical), family psychotherapy prevention - genetic screening of newborns, removal of lead from the household environment, use of child safety seats and bicycle helmets, comprehensive prenatal care, not drinking alcohol or using drugs while pregnant, and vaccination.

Answer 38

number of older adults with mental and behavioral health problems will almost quadruple, from 4 million in 1970 to 15 million in 2030. Approximately 20% of adults age 55 and over suffer from a mental disorder, the most common being anxiety disorders, severe cognitive impairment, and mood disorders Some late-life problems that may play a role in the development of a mental disorder include coping with physical health problems, caring for a spouse with dementia or a physical disability, grieving the death of loved ones, and managing conflict with family members. Unfortunately, many older people still believe that mental health disorders result from personal failure or weakness. This stigma means that they may not want to admit that a mental disorder exists and do not seek help. Older adults have the highest suicide rate in the country w/ age 85 and over have the highest suicide rate; those age 75–84 have the second highest.

Answer 39

mood disorders

Answer 40

- female adolescent who is meticulous, is a higher achiever, and efuses food intake (is preoccupied with obesity and obsesses abt her weight) - although she experiences continued wt loss, she does not believe that anything is wrong with it - thinning hair - poor wound healing - dental changes - amenorrhea - cold intolerance - constipation - bloating - abdominal distress - hyperactive - overexercises - hypotensive - bradycardia and hypothermia - feelings of sadness, insomnia, withdrawal from friends and families - bulimia

Answer 41

diagnose - lost of at least 15% of total body weight, emaciated, intense fear of weight gain, absent or irregular menstruation, hypotension, bradycardia, nutritional status and electrolyte balance, blood tests, urinalysis, ECG treat - medical management, psychotherapy, behavior modification, family counseling, nutritional counseling, fluid and electrolyte replacement, long-term emotional support and long-term psychiatric counseling

Answer 42

- impairment in person's adapttion or function in 3 domains: practical (taking care of oneself) , social (interpersonal communication skills w/ others) and conceptual (skills in reading, writing, langauge, ath and reasoning)

Answer 43

- heredity (inborn errors of metabolism, genetic disorders, chormosomal abn) - early alterations of embryonic development (Down syndrome or damage from toxins) - prenatal - perinatal - postnatal conditions (prematurity, hypoxia, viral infeciton trauma) - environmental influences - any condition that compromises bloody sypply to developimg brain (placental insufficiency, cord or head compression during perinatal, failure to breath at birth, premature birth and viral infeciton in viral mother, fetal alcohol syndrome)

Answer 44

DIAGNOSE - OBSERVATION AND CONFIRMATION OF INTELLECTUAL CAPABILITY AND ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR OF THE CHILD, SYMTPOSM WHICH BEING DURING DEVELOPMENTAL PERIODS TREAT - TEACH KID TO PERFORM TASKS AT VARIOUS LEVELS, TREAT UNDERLYING , FULL TREATMENT PLAN BASED ON AREAS OF DEFICIET

Answer 45

- sometimes referred to as learning ifferences or learning disabilities - children to learn in a omanner that is not normal - lower than expected erformance on standardized tests - etiology is uncertain but there may be underlying abnormalitites in cognitive processing - deficictis in visual perception, language processes, attention or memeory

Answer 46

- difficulty in acquiring a skill in a specific area of learning, such as reading, writing, or math (may happen despite childś normal intelligence and adequate schooling) - many become school dropouts, have low self-esteem and feel demoralized - deficits in socia skills - may have problmes listening or apying attention, reading or writin,g speaking and/oor performing arithmeitcs - disabiltiy is not an indication of intelligence levels

Answer 47

diagnose - when school notifies parents of findings after intensitve testing physician will establish that the child has met all the diagnostic criteria listed in the DSM-V treat - may also be diagnosed with hyperactivity and therefore may respond to drug therpay, usually with stimulants, others may respond to favorably to special instructional techniques

Answer 48

- phonological or communication disorder - frequent repetition or prlongations of suond or syllabes (also may be broken words, filled or unfilled pauses, word substitutions, word repetition) - mostly btwn 2 and 7 - speech disorder - etiology is uncertain, genetic factor, mostly in men, also could be anxiety

Answer 49

diangose - observation of speech pattern, assess hearing treat -speech therapy, ay resolve spontaneously

Answer 50

- severe impairment in severe areas of development, including communication and social interaction - can include oarticular behaviors that cause te failuer to develop peer relationships and interactions with other, including lack of nonverbal ocmmunication and lack of reciprocation of emotions - may relate directly to the person's development level or mental age

Answer 51

- autsim - ervasive development disorder, not otherwie specificed - Rett syndorome - Childhood disintegrative disorder (CDD) - Asperger syndrome

Answer 52

- uncertain but evidnece indicate a possible organic factor or possible predisposing factirs that may include maternal rubella, encephalitis, and phenylketonuria - research suggests that autism is not a single disorder and that there is not a singular cause

Answer 53

- problems w/ social intteraction and communicaiton - narrow range of interests - average or above-average intelligence - develop normally in the spheres of langauge and cognition - difficulty concentrating and may exxpierence poor coordination

Answer 54

- start developing in all areas, btwb 2 and 10 child may lise any of the skills they acquires (lose language, social skills,body functions (bowel and bladder control)

Answer 55

- s/s of PDD - problmes with physical development - loss of many motor or movement skils including ambulation, use of hands, poor coordination, usually only affects girls

Answer 56

- child who doesnt meet al of the criteria for autism or Aperger but meets several nother trait - no cure, drugtherapy for irritabilty, aggrssion, serious behavioral problems, OC behavior, anxiety, depression, seizzure, inattation, hyperactiviety, behavioral therapy, speciailized classrroooms, one on one instruction

Answer 57

- ADHD, predominately inattentive type (6 or more symptoms of inattention but fewer than 6 symptoms of hyperactivity) - ADHD, predominately hyperactive impulse type (fewer than 6 symptoms of inattention but 6 or more symptoms of hyperactivity) - ADHDm combined type (6 or more symtpoms of iattention and size or more symtpoms of ohyperactivity

Answer 58

- behavior disorder in which children demonstrate behavoirs that are oppositional toward adults - mot common referral complaint to counselors and major source of famil stress - strong predicotr of poor outcomes (school underachievement, poor peer relations, delinquency, major depression, early substance initiation. abuse, school expulsion amd drop out)

Answer 59

- ADHD, conduct disorder, PTSD< learning disabilities, school underperformance, poor social skills, dysthymia, major depression

Answer 60

- often demonstrate behaviors such as losing their temper, arguing with adults defying or refusing to comply w/ adultś requests or rules, deliberately annoying others, blaming others for mistakes and behavoirs - irritable and easily annoyed - angry and resentful - spiteful and vindictive - may be involved in theft, vandalism amd bullying - negative and defiant

Answer 61

negtive child temperament, ADHD, negative paret temperament, ineffectie child management, parent and fmaily stress events

Answer 62

diagnose - child never came out of the ¨Terrible twos¨, symtpoms may appear as early as 3 y/o, pt generally present at 8 to 10, must demonstate at least 3x week at least 1 of the 8 symtpoms for at least 6 months treat - mood stabilizers, family therapy and psychotherapy

Answer 63

- sudden, rapid, recurrent motor movmeent or vocalization that is nonrhyptmic, resistance is not possib,e

Answer 64

- eye blinking facial grimacing coughing neck jerking making facial gestures jumping touching stamping throat clearing sniffing snorting grunting repetitition of words out of contenxt socially unacceptable words repetition of oneś own words or last sound heard

Answer 65

- aka Gilles de la Tourette syndrome - multiple motor tics coupled with one or more vocal tics, which may appear simultaneously or at diff times - location, nature and number of tics tend to change - etiology is uncertain, could be inherited, result of streptococcal infections caused by reaction of antibodies to group A bet-hemolytic streptococcus

Answer 66

diagnose - observation of symptoms (onset as early as 2 and before 18, remissions may occur but syndrome is lifelong although it can decrease in severity), both motor and vocal tics, several times a day w.o tic-free period longer than 3 months treat - pharmalogic treatmetn is only proven effective treatment, haloperidol, clonidine, clonazepam, fluoxetine

Answer 67

- progressive, general deterioration of mental faculties, including decline in perceiving, thinking, remebering, and cognitive functioning - could be result of compromised blood flow to brain from atheroscleorirs, thrombi or trauma, toxins, metabolic conditions, organic disorders, infections, tumors, Parkinson diseases, or AD

Answer 68

- reduction in blood flow to brain that can result from narrowed and stenosed arteries, resulting hypoxia and reduced noursihment to brain cellls cause a general loss in intellectual abilities - causes r atherosclerotic plaque in carotid and cerebral arteries, blood flow to brain tissue is reduced = ischemia, necrosis, embolism = sudden hypoxia, small aneurysm may be responsible for minute cerebral bleedings

Answer 69

- general loss of intellectual abilities, changes in memory, judgement, abstract thinking, personality - disregard for persona hygeine, apathy, disorientation, inappropriate responses, depression, anxiety, irritability, restlessness, sleeplessness, hallucinations, psychotic tendencies, stupor and coma

Answer 70

diagnose - when pt starts to deteriorte (personal hygeine, memory, judgement) family members may notice problem, physical and neurologic exam, vascular assessment of carotid and cerebral artereis, cerebral arteriography, MRI arteriography, if pacemaker wearer than pacemaker readings may provide indiciations of periods of reduced blood flow treat - aimed to increase bloody supply to brain, low-dose aspirin is used for antiplatelet effect to prevent stroke, esp in pt who have hypertension or MI, drug therapy may help increase blood flow, surgical intervention in form of carotid endartectomy may limit progress of the condition, brain cell death is irreversible

Answer 71

- truamatic insult causing reduced blood flow to the cerebrum may result in dementia - deprivation of oxygen and nutrition = death of brain cells - both closed and open head injuires, hematomas, skull fracures r examples of insults that cause reduced blood flow to the cells - trauma to head = edema, increased ICP, damage to vessel walls, compromise of cerebral blood supply, hypoxia, ischemia, irreversible necrosis

Answer 72

- reduction in intellectual capabilities and cognitive functioning may result from truama to head - after head inury pt exhitivs reduced mental status and is unable to perform may ofthe cognitive tasks that were possible before injury - intelligence testings show reduced capability

Answer 73

diagnose - hisotry of head trauma with reduced level of mental functioning, thorough physical and neurologic exam, imaging studies may include skull radiography, CT, MRI, subdural or epidural hematomas and many types of skull fracture treat - correct insult to brain, cant repair necrotized tissue treat -

Answer 74

- aka alcoholism - physical and psychological dependence on daily or regular excessive intake of alcoholic bevarages - causes r genetic or biologic factors, depressin, emotional conflict, social factors, culural attitudes, familal pattern

Answer 75

- alcohol is a depressant so ppl under influence may expeirences a decrease in activity, tension, normal injibitions, change behavoir, decrease ability to think clearly, slow motor skills, impair judgement and concentration, anxiety, depression, insomnia, impotence, behavioral disorders, amnesia, chronic causes pathological changes in nervous system, frequent infections, hypertenson, GI prl\oblmes, confusion, N&V, unexplained seizuer, cirrhosis, pancreatitis, peripheral neuropathy, muscle weakness, paresthesia, cancer of GI, dysfunction within faily and social relationships, disruption in occupation, aggressuve behavur, accidents, threatened or attempt suicide, often denies inability to control alc abuse

Answer 76

diagnose - screening tests, physical exam, medical history, level of high gamma-glutamyltransferase, other abn lab fidings withoegn system complocations treat - rehab, abstnienc, detoxification, psychotherapy, group therapy, AA, take drug disulfiram which causes N&V when alc is consumed, naltrexone

Answer 77

0.8 in 45 states (impairment of cordination, judgment, memory and comprehension) 0.10 in remaining states (behavior becoems loud or embarassing, mood swings r noticeable, reaction time is reduced)

Answer 78

- misuse of various drugs that modify mood or behoavir - depressants, stimulants, opiate, opiate-like, hallucinogens, vol.atile substances, cannabinoids, steroids, tobacco, prescription drugs - could be bc of peer pressure,chaoitic home environemnt, poor coping smills, use of prescription drug,

Answer 79

- paranoid schizophrenia (anger, hostility, violence, gradiose or persecutory delusion or hallucnatinos, pt may be intelligent and well informed) - disorganized schizophrenia (blatantly inchoherent w/ delusions hat r not systemized into a theme, pt feelings r dull,inappropriate or greatly exaggerated, behavior may be odd or regressive,history of extreme social impairement, poor function and adaption) - catatoinc schizophernia (either excitement or stupor w/omutism, negativism, rigidity and posturing) - schizophrenia, unspecified (groslly disorganized, obviously incoherrent, grossly delusional, hallucniatory, psychosis - residual schizophrenia (at least 1 episode of schizophreniathat is currently w/o prominent symptoms, continung evidnec of illness, such as illogical thinking and cold behavoir)

Answer 80

- range from worry and stress to extreme panic - mild to moderate levels od axniety can easily be mistaken for depression bc similarity of symptoms such as irritabiltly, difficulty concentrating, distruabance in sleep patterns

Answer 81

- form of OCD w/ abrupt onset following occurence of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection

Answer 82

- s/s r abrupt emotional personality changes in 3 y/os to prepubertal children, severe mod swings, seperation anxiety, obsessive and unusal behavior, sigs of detachment, uncontrallable ADHD symptoms, sleep distrubances, motor or vocal tics, nighttime fears

Answer 83

diagnose - pt histroy of previous streptococcal infection, physical exam treat - antibiotics, short-term cognitive behavioral therapy, SSRIs to manage OCD< steroids

Answer 84

- caused by human actions tendes to precipitate more severe reactions compaed w/ PTSD caused by natural disasters - children also may be affected by experiencing or observing horrific events in thier lives - traumati events include acts of war, observed famiyl members being killed, seperation from family, catastrophic events of nature, abuse, sexual abuse

Answer 85

diangnosis - pt experiences intrusive symptoms and both recurrent and distressing recollection of the event, including recurrent dreams and flashbacks of the event, hyperaousal, persistent avoidance of stimulus, children often will reenact the event treat - restore indv sense of control w/ counseling, drug therapy, benzodiazepoens, antianxiety agents or SSRI as drug therapy, pet therapy

Answer 86

- aka Briquiet syndrome - occurs before age 30 - typified by complaints of pain and GI (N&V, blood in stool), sexual (irregular or heavy menses, erectile or ejaculatory problems) and neurotic symptoms without clinical basis - familiar pattern

Answer 87

diagnose - made after medical conditions r ruled out, 4 pain symtpoms (2 GI, 1 sexual, 1 pseudoneurologic symtpom) treat - investigation of syptoms and ruling out any underlying general medical condiiton, psychotherpay, behavior modification

Answer 88

- formerly termed hysteria - anxiety is converted to a physical or somatic symtpom (physical symptoms allow the person to escape or avoid a stressful sitauation)

Answer 89

- s/s include deficits in voluntary motor or sensory functions (paralysis), anesthesia, hyperesthesia, analgesia, paresthesia, paralysis, tremors, tics, contracture, ambulation disturance, aphonia, mutism, headaches, difficulty in swallowing and breathing, choking, coughing, N&V< belching, cold and clammy extremities, wt loss and pseudocyesis, blindness and seizures

Answer 90

diagnose - history of preceding event, classic pattern of acute onset, physical exam treat - supportive and smptomatic, psychotherapy, hypnosis p

Answer 91

- pain that causes signficant distress and physical and social impairment (very real to pt and takes control of the pt activities) - includes subtypes that r associated with psychological factors, those associated w/ oh psychological factors and general medical conditions, and those only associated w/ general medical conditions - may be related to underlying clincial patholgoic conditions, psychological factors, both clinical pathologic and psychological factors contribte to the manifesttionof the condition

Answer 92

diagnose - pathologic change treat - treat any underlying identifiable pathologic changes, narotics if terminal, psychoterhapy

Answer 93

- preoccupied with fear of having a serious disease - pt has excessive fear despite negative medical tests and reassurance there is no clinical basis for the symptoms - s/s r characteized by pt reports and symtpoms of physical illness without any identifiable evidence of illness

Answer 94

diagnose - difficult bc these ppl change physicians when healthcare provider doesnt affirm their illness, lab and diagnostic studies often reveal no underlying condition treat - psychotherapy

Answer 95

- formerly called Munchausen syndrome - mental illness in which pt knows they are not ill but stimulate symptoms of illness and presents for no apparent reason oterh than to get special attetion and empathy - exaggerate and feign symtpoms and actually can make themselves ill

Answer 96

diagnose - these pt present at a hospital or physicianś office w/ reports of fever, anemia, dermatitis, seuzire activity expecting to receive medical attention, atypiical clinial course w/ lab findings that r inconsistent with symptoms, dramatic flair but vague answers, eagerly undergo multiple invasi procedures treat - seek attention at another facility when behavior is revealed, some physicians believe this condition is untreatable

Answer 97

- conditions in which an individual feels a powerful connection with the opposite se and wants to be the other sex - discomfort with assigned sex - treat with sex reassignment through hormone treatment, surgical intervention, unisex bathrooms, psychotherapy

Answer 98

- ifficulty falling asleep and/or staying asleep - causes indv to feel physically and mentally tired, groggy, tense, irritable, anxious, early moenin awakening, sleep in not restorative - maybe rsult to situation, medical problem, time zone change, high altitude, pain, CV prombles, thyroid conditions, fever, stimulants, anxiety, stress, fear of sleeplessness

Answer 99

diagonse - sleeplessness for longer than 1 month, must interfere with normal functioning, study is conducted of 24 hr sleep and wakefulness, polysomnohrahy treat - identify and remove cause, imporve sleep hygein (change lifestyle ot relieve tension and reduce stress), regular sleep schedule, elminate noise and disruptionsmm, aoid stimulants in late afternoon and evening, darkend and quiet environment, psychotherapy, benzodiazepines, hypnotics, melatonin

Answer 100

- aka sleep arousal disorders - group of sleep disorders that includes sleepwalking, night terrors, nightmares, dreams - no memory of sleepwalking, awake confused, vivid recall for nightmares - causes r febrile episodes, brain tumors, lithium and certain drugs

Answer 101

diagnose - report of episodes, hisotry, drug consumptin treat - protection from injury, minimize exposure to terror, children usually outgrow, adults r treated w. zolpidem or zaleplon

Answer 102

- irresistible datime sleep episodes, can have duration ofa few seconds to half hr - overwhelming reccurent compulsion to fall asleep - usually precipitated by sedentary, monotonous activity, usually before 25 y/o, last abt 1 min, cant move but breathing continues - familial (genetic)

Answer 103

diagnose - repeated episodes, rule out seizures and sleep apnea, sleep studies to confirm treat - therapeutic naps, nromal night sleep pattern, stimulants, nonamphetamine stimulants

Answer 104

- intermittent short periods of breathing cessation during sleep folowed by snorting and gasping - potentially life-threateing - associated with obesity, hypertension, airway obstruction - doesnt feel rested - either obstructive or central (brain doesnt send appropriate messages to intercostal muscles and diaphragm to initiate breathing process) sleep apena - obsutrcitve is more common (air is unable to flow in or out of ipper airway) - inherited predisponsiton -nasal obstruction - alchol ingestion, smoing-related bronchitis, sleep deprivation, obesity

Answer 105

diagnose - slee history, daytime sleepiness, sleep atacks, snoring, snorting episodes, sleep lab studies, polysomnography treat - wt loss, protriptyline, CPAP, dental appliances, coorect underlying patholgical conditions, uvulopalatophayngoplasty (UPPP) (last resort surgical procedure to remove portions of uvula, soft palate, posterir pharyneal mucosa)

Answer 106

Cluster A: odd or eccentric Cluster B: dramatic, emotional or erratic (AN Cluster C: anxious and fearful

Answer 107

(paranoid personality disorders) schizoid personality disorder schizotypal disorder

Answer 108

antisocial personality disorder borderline personality disorder histrionic personality disorder narcissistic personality disorder

Answer 109

avoidant personality disorder dependent personality disorder Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder personality disorder, unspecified

Mental Disorders Flashcards

(134 cards)