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Mental Health Paramed Flashcards

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1
Q

Biomedical model

A

Each disease has a specific cause and is caused by some sort of identifiable underlying biological entity

Best managed via technical medical approach
Looks at individual cause and effect

  1. Biological- disease is the occurrence of natural events doesnt take into account social factors
  2. mechanical- sickness involves particular organ/body parts rather than the whole person
  3. scientific- scientifically based methods of treatments are most appropriate
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2
Q

Disease

A

Deviation from the norm and responded to by biochemical, electrical and anatomical interventions

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3
Q

Health

A

Complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

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4
Q

Biopsychosocial model

A

Multifactorial model that takes into account not only biological factors but also psychological and social.

Focuses on cause and effect

Social (society, community, family)
psychological (cognition, emotion, motivation)
biological (organs, tissues, cells)

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5
Q

Web of causation model

A

There is no one single factor or cause of disease that many variables interact

Identification of risk factors leads to a focus on prevention aimed at individuals

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6
Q

Cognitive behaviour therapy

A

Aims to help you change the way that you think, feel and behave

Used to treat mental illness and physical problems

Based on educational model

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7
Q

ABC model

A

Antecedents-trigger
Beliefs- cognition About situation
Consequences- way we feel and behave

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8
Q

RET (Rational emotive therapy)

A

people are born with the potential to be rational as well as irrational

induce people to examine and change some of their most basic values

its not the activating event that causes dysfunction but the irrational beliefs that causes distress

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9
Q

Definition of Stress

A

the condition that results when a persons environment transactions lead the individual to perceive a discrepancy between the demands of a situation and the resources of the persons biological, psychological or social systems

Stimulus
Response
Process

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10
Q

Definition of Resilience

A

An ability to avoid, overcome or adapt to adverse circumstances

  • something that is learned.
  • ability to bounce back after excessive stress
  • ability of an individual to maintain healthy psychological and physical well being despite being exposed to adversity
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11
Q

Definition of Self efficacy

A

belief that we can succeed at something we want to do

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12
Q

Social support

A

support that is supplied to a person by other individuals/groups that better enable an individual to cope with life e.g family, friends,colleagues

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13
Q

Health belief model

A

percieved threat depends on:

  • percieved seriousness
  • percieved susceptibility
  • percieved benefits must exceed percieved barriers/cost
  • demographic, socio-psychological

doesnt take into account emotional decisions

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14
Q

Theory of reasoned action

A

people have intentions based on attitudes which predict behaviour
attitude regarding behaviour is based on beliefs about the outcome of the behaviour, person has to believe that the behaviour is a good thing

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15
Q

Stages of change model

A

looks at readiness to change.

Precontemplation- not considering changing may never have thought about it

Contemplation- aware a problem exists, are considering changing within the next few months

Preparation- ready to try/change, plan to pursue goals

Action- 6months effort to change in behaviour

maintenance- work to maintain successful behavioural changes

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16
Q

Health- protective behaviour

A

Definition- any activity people perform to maintain/promote their health

e.g eating properly
exercising
drinking moderately
not smoking
wearing seatbelts
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17
Q

Operant conditioning

A

behaviours antecedent and/or its consequences to infuence the occurence and form of behaviour

modification of voluntary or operant behaviour

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18
Q

Reinforcement

A

postitive following a behaviour with a pleasant consequence or negative, taking away something unpleasant e.g attention

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19
Q

extinction

A

the tendency for a behaviour to weaken when the controlling consequences are eliminated

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20
Q

punishment

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A

behaviour supressed by an aversive consequence

21
Q

modelling

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A

watching people and recreating their behaviours

22
Q

Substance abuse defintion

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A

is when

  • clear and persistent pattern of pathological use of a substance
  • least one of the following problems in a 12 month period
23
Q

negative reinforcement

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A

behaviour is strengthened when it is followed by the removal of an aversive stimulus

24
Q

Shiftwork definition

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A

working outside the normal daylight hours

rotate around the clock, constantly changing work times

25
Consequences of shiftwork
- difficulty concentrating - tired/sleepy - can aggregate health conditions this can be due to stress, bodily functions, sleep deprivation
26
Circadian Rhythm
biological 24 hour cycle - cycle continues even when normal day/night pattern has been changed - body has more than 100 rhythms PACEMAKER- Suprachiasmatic Nuclei, regulates firing of nerve cells that set circadian rhythms
27
Coping definition
process by which people try to manage the perceived discrepancy between demands and resources they appraise in a stressful situation
28
General Adaptation Syndrome
what happens to the body when high arousal levels are prolonged Alarm reaction(fight or flight)- to mobilise bodies resources, very high arousal (cannot be sustained) Stage of Resistance- body tries to adapt to the stressor, increased physiological arousal, increase susceptibility to to other health problems Stage of exhaustion- prolonged arousal, long term ill health/death
29
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) | definition and cognition element
Aims to help you change the way you think, feel and behave used to treat mental health/ physical problems based on educational model COGNITIVE- includes our ideas,mental images, belief, attitudes thinking can trigger/fuel certain health problems needs to identify current thought patterns to identify whats triggering the health problem aims to change your ways of thinking to avoid it Common sense model Events>emotion Cognition model Event>cognition>emotion
30
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Behavioural component
Change any behaviours that are harmful e.g exposing pt to certain situations that make them anxious rewards for desired behaviour observing others ABC MODEL Antecedents- trigger of response Beliefs- cognition about situations Consequences- way we feel/behave tend to blame trigger for the way we feel but its beliefs that make us the way we feel
31
Personal Control
the feelings that you can make decisions and take effective action to produce desirable outcomes and avoid undesirable ones - people usually feel positive when they feel they have control over their lives - lack of self control suggests that people believe that things just happen to them and lives controlled by outside forces
32
Types of control
1. behavioural control- things we do 2. cognitive control- things we think 3. Decisional control- things we can make decisions about 4. informational control- info about an event/process can help you get control over it
33
Locus of control
important aspect of personality individuals perception about underlying main causes of event in his/her life Ranges from internal-external
34
PTSD
given to a person who has been affected by a major traumatic life event
35
ss and prevalence of PTSD
- flashbacks-reliving the event - distressing recurrent dreams - psychological distress when exposed to event similar - not talking about the event - emotional detachment from family - forseshortened fututre prevalence 20% paramedics 2.6% general population
36
Depression ss and prevalence
- unhappy mood - feel hopeless about the future - appear listless and passive - disrupted eating and sleeping habits - low self esteem prevalence norway- same rates as general pop but for women paramedics had a higher rate= 7.3-3.7%`
37
Anxiety
vague, unpleasant emotional state with elements of apprehension, dread,distress and uneasiness that involves an unspecific threat.
38
anxiety ss and prevalence
``` increase HR sweating dryness of the mouth rapid breathing/breathlessness difficulty swallowing shakiness/trembling ``` prevalence wales - high 22% norway- same as general population
39
burnout
is a state of psychological and physical exhaustion that results from chronic exposure to high levels of stress with little personal control
40
ss and prevalence of burnout
- emotional exhaustion- drained - depersonalisation- lack of regard for others - percieved inadequacy of professional accomplishment some say its higher or lower 8.6% vs 5.3%
41
Type A behaviour
- self critical - strive towards goals without feeling a sense of joy in their accomplishments - constant struggle against the clock - impatient with delays and unproductive with time - try to do more than one thing at a time - easily aroused to anger/hostility
42
Type B behaviour
characterised by low levels of competitiveness , time urgency, and hostility. tend to be more easy going and philisophical about life
43
classical conditioning
a stimulus gains the ability to elicit a response through association with a stimulus that already elicits that response
44
response subsitution
replacing a problem behaviour with a alternative response
45
emotion focused coping
aimed at controlling the emotional response to the stressful situation use it when they believe that they cant do anything to change the situation ``` e.g positive reapprasial accepting responsibility self control distancing ```
46
problem focused coping
aimed at reducing the demands of the stressful event or expanding the resources to deal with it e.g quitting a stressful job negotiating an extension for bills seeking medical/psychological treatment use it when they think that their resources or the demands of a situation can be changed
47
substance abuse
persistent pattern of pathological use AND - failing to fulfill important obligations - putting oneself or others at risk for physical injury - having legal difficulties - having serious social or interpersonal problems
48
hardiness
the ability to endure stress and difficult conditions 1. Control- sense of personal control 2. Comittment- peoples sense of purpose/ involvement in events,activities 3. Challenge - refers to the tendency to view change as opportunities for growth rather than a threat
49
rotating shift work
occurs when work time changes from day to evening or from day to night

Mental Health Paramed (1 decks)

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