Flashcards in Mental Health Paramed Deck (49)
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Biomedical model
Each disease has a specific cause and is caused by some sort of identifiable underlying biological entity
Best managed via technical medical approach
Looks at individual cause and effect
1.Biological- disease is the occurrence of natural events doesnt take into account social factors
2.mechanical- sickness involves particular organ/body parts rather than the whole person
3.scientific- scientifically based methods of treatments are most appropriate
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Disease
Deviation from the norm and responded to by biochemical, electrical and anatomical interventions
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Health
Complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
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Biopsychosocial model
Multifactorial model that takes into account not only biological factors but also psychological and social.
Focuses on cause and effect
Social (society, community, family)
psychological (cognition, emotion, motivation)
biological (organs, tissues, cells)
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Web of causation model
There is no one single factor or cause of disease that many variables interact
Identification of risk factors leads to a focus on prevention aimed at individuals
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Cognitive behaviour therapy
Aims to help you change the way that you think, feel and behave
Used to treat mental illness and physical problems
Based on educational model
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ABC model
Antecedents-trigger
Beliefs- cognition About situation
Consequences- way we feel and behave
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RET (Rational emotive therapy)
people are born with the potential to be rational as well as irrational
induce people to examine and change some of their most basic values
its not the activating event that causes dysfunction but the irrational beliefs that causes distress
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Definition of Stress
the condition that results when a persons environment transactions lead the individual to perceive a discrepancy between the demands of a situation and the resources of the persons biological, psychological or social systems
Stimulus
Response
Process
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Definition of Resilience
An ability to avoid, overcome or adapt to adverse circumstances
-something that is learned.
-ability to bounce back after excessive stress
-ability of an individual to maintain healthy psychological and physical well being despite being exposed to adversity
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Definition of Self efficacy
belief that we can succeed at something we want to do
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Social support
support that is supplied to a person by other individuals/groups that better enable an individual to cope with life e.g family, friends,colleagues
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Health belief model
percieved threat depends on:
-percieved seriousness
-percieved susceptibility
-percieved benefits must exceed percieved barriers/cost
-demographic, socio-psychological
doesnt take into account emotional decisions
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Theory of reasoned action
people have intentions based on attitudes which predict behaviour
attitude regarding behaviour is based on beliefs about the outcome of the behaviour, person has to believe that the behaviour is a good thing
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Stages of change model
looks at readiness to change.
Precontemplation- not considering changing may never have thought about it
Contemplation- aware a problem exists, are considering changing within the next few months
Preparation- ready to try/change, plan to pursue goals
Action- 6months effort to change in behaviour
maintenance- work to maintain successful behavioural changes
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Health- protective behaviour
Definition- any activity people perform to maintain/promote their health
e.g eating properly
exercising
drinking moderately
not smoking
wearing seatbelts
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Operant conditioning
behaviours antecedent and/or its consequences to infuence the occurence and form of behaviour
modification of voluntary or operant behaviour
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Reinforcement
postitive following a behaviour with a pleasant consequence or negative, taking away something unpleasant e.g attention
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extinction
the tendency for a behaviour to weaken when the controlling consequences are eliminated
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punishment
behaviour supressed by an aversive consequence
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modelling
watching people and recreating their behaviours
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Substance abuse defintion
is when
-clear and persistent pattern of pathological use of a substance
- least one of the following problems in a 12 month period
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negative reinforcement
behaviour is strengthened when it is followed by the removal of an aversive stimulus
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Shiftwork definition
working outside the normal daylight hours
rotate around the clock, constantly changing work times
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Consequences of shiftwork
-difficulty concentrating
-tired/sleepy
-can aggregate health conditions
this can be due to stress, bodily functions, sleep deprivation
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Circadian Rhythm
biological 24 hour cycle
-cycle continues even when normal day/night pattern has been changed
-body has more than 100 rhythms
PACEMAKER- Suprachiasmatic Nuclei, regulates firing of nerve cells that set circadian rhythms
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Coping definition
process by which people try to manage the perceived discrepancy between demands and resources they appraise in a stressful situation
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General Adaptation Syndrome
what happens to the body when high arousal levels are prolonged
Alarm reaction(fight or flight)- to mobilise bodies resources, very high arousal (cannot be sustained)
Stage of Resistance- body tries to adapt to the stressor, increased physiological arousal, increase susceptibility to to other health problems
Stage of exhaustion- prolonged arousal, long term ill health/death
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Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)
definition and cognition element
Aims to help you change the way you think, feel and behave
used to treat mental health/ physical problems
based on educational model
COGNITIVE- includes our ideas,mental images, belief, attitudes
thinking can trigger/fuel certain health problems
needs to identify current thought patterns to identify whats triggering the health problem
aims to change your ways of thinking to avoid it
Common sense model
Events>emotion
Cognition model
Event>cognition>emotion
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