Mental health PPT

Question 1

what can benzodiazepines be used for?

Answer 1

anxiety disorders, alcohol withdrawal symptoms, acute behaviour control and rapid tranquillisation

Question 2

name some benzodiazepines

Answer 2

lorazepam, diazepam, temazepam

Question 3

MOA of benzodiazepines

Answer 3

they target the GABA type A receptors. They encourage GABA to bind to GABA A receptors which opens chloride channels and allows Cl- to flow into cells, making them more resistant to depolarisation

Question 4

side effects of benzodiazepines

Answer 4

drowsiness, sedation, dependance

Question 5

what are SSRIs used to treat?

Answer 5

anxiety disorders, depression

Question 6

name some SSRIs

Answer 6

sertraline, fluoxetine, citalopram

Question 7

MOA of SSRIs

Answer 7

block the neuronal reuptake of serotonin, increasing its conc in the synaptic cleft and increasing it’s availability for neurotransmission

Question 8

side effects of SSRIs

Answer 8

GI upset, hypersensitivity reactions, suicidal thoughts

Question 9

what are SNRIs used to treat?

Answer 9

anxiety disorders, depression

Question 10

name some SNRIs

Answer 10

duloxetine, venlafaxine

Question 11

MOA of SNRIs

Answer 11

they block the neuronal reuptake of serotonin and noradrenaline, increasing their conc in synaptic cleft and increasing availability for neurotransmission

Question 12

side effects of SNRIs

Answer 12

GI upset, headaches, serotonin syndrome

Question 13

what can MAOIs be used to treat?

Answer 13

major depression, phobias, social anxiety disorder

Question 14

name some MAOIs

Answer 14

phenelzine, moclebemide

Question 15

MOA of MAOIs

Answer 15

monoamine oxidase is the enzyme which degrades monoamines in the presynaptic nerve. MAOIs inhibit this, leading to accumulation of monoamines in presynaptic cell which can be released upon nerve stimulation

Question 16

side effects of MAOIs

Answer 16

postural hypotension, throbbing headaches, food interactions (foods containing tyramine)

Question 17

what can buspirone be used to treat?

Answer 17

anxiety disorders (it’s an azapirone anxiolytic)

Question 18

MOA of buspirone

Answer 18

not known well. Thought to be partial agonist to 5-HT receptors on presynaptic cell, binds to these and has negative feedback. Takes at least 2 weeks to have an effect

Question 19

side effects of buspirone

Answer 19

nausea, dizziness, nervousness

Question 20

what can anti-psychotic be used for?

Answer 20

psychotic symptoms, schizophrenia, acute behavioural control, rapid tranquillisation

Question 21

name some first generation anti-psychotics

Answer 21

haloperidol, chlorpromazine

Question 22

name some second generation anti-psychotics

Answer 22

olanzepine, risperidone, quetiapine, clozapine, aripriprazole

Question 23

MOA of first generation anti-psychotics

Answer 23

they are D2 receptor antagonists with a slow dissociation, targeting the mesolimbic pathway.can target 5-HT receptors. Can also target other pyramidal pathways, which gives lots of side effects.

Question 24

side effects of first generation anti-psychotics

Answer 24

extrapyramidal effects e.g. dystonia, parkinsonism, tardive dyskinesia
galactorrhoea
prolonged QT (haloperidol)

Question 25

MOA of second generation anti-psychotics

Answer 25

they are D2 receptor antagonists in the mesolimbic pathway, but with lower affinity and less side effects. can also target 5-HT receptors

Question 26

side effects of second generation anti-psychotics

Answer 26

extrapyramidal effects at high doses

Question 27

what treatment can be used for nicotine addiction?

Answer 27

nicotine replacement therapy, buproprion and varenicline

Question 28

MOA of buproprion

Answer 28

atypical antidepressant. It's a weak inhibitor of neuronal noradrenaline and dopamine reuptake, also has nicotine receptor antagonist activity

Question 29

side effects of buproprion

Answer 29

anxiety, headaches, dry mouth, contraindicated in bulimia and anorexia

Question 30

MOA of varenicline

Answer 30

partial nicotine receptor agonist

Question 31

side effects of varenicline

Answer 31

GI upset, dry mouth, headaches

Question 32

name an alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist and give its indication

Answer 32

mirtazapine (NASSA). Major depression

Question 33

MOA of mirtazapine

Answer 33

binds to and inhibits pre-synaptic alpha-2 adrenoceptors, increasing the concentration of monoamines (noradrenaline, serotonin) in the synaptic cleft

Question 34

side effects of mirtazapine

Answer 34

GI upset, headaches, insomnia

Question 35

name some tricyclic antidepressants

Answer 35

amitriptyline, lofepramine, imipramine

Question 36

what can TCAs be used to treat?

Answer 36

depression (if SSRIs ineffective), an addition for chronic/neuropathic pain

Question 37

MOA of TCAs

Answer 37

inhibit neuronal reuptake of 5-HT and noradrenaline, increasing concentration in synaptic cleft available for neurotransmission

Question 38

side effects of TCAs

Answer 38

arrhythmias, hallucinations, hypotension

Question 39

MOA of lithium

Answer 39

largely unknown and complicated. Has multiple effects on CNS

Question 40

indications of lithium

Answer 40

treatment and prophylaxis of hypomania/mania in bipolar, recurrent depression

Question 41

side effects of lithium

Answer 41

lithium toxicity, nephropathy, tremor, hypothyroid

Question 42

name some anticonvulsants

Answer 42

carbamazepine, sodium valproate, lamotrigine

Question 43

indications of anticonvulsants

Answer 43

treatment and prophylaxis of hypomania/mania in bipolar

Question 44

MOA of anticonvulsants

Answer 44

facilitation of GABAminergic inhibitory neurotransmission and consequent modulation of excitatory glutamatergic neurons

Question 45

side effects of anticonvulsants

Answer 45

drowsiness, dizziness, nausea

Question 46

side effects of clozapine

Answer 46

agranulocytosis, myocarditis

Question 47

side effects of risperidone

Answer 47

galactorrhoea (milky tittys)

Question 48

side effects of quetiapine

Answer 48

QT elongation

Question 49

features of TCA OD

Answer 49

tachycardia and tachypnoea urinary retention dilated pupils hypereflexia

Question 50

contraindication of sodium valproate

Answer 50

don't use in pregnancy, causes neural tube defect