mental health + psychopathology

Question 1

Mental health

Answer 1

comprised of affective( emotional), psychological and social well-being – affects how people think, feel and behave

Question 2

4 exogenous factors

Answer 2

life events, stressors such as living in a difficult marriage, struggling with ageing parents , poor work life balance

Question 3

Mental health continuum model

Answer 3

designed to help individuals recognise potential signs of deteriorating mental health

Question 4

4 stages in mental health continuum model

Answer 4

1.healthy
2.reacting
3.injured
4.ill

Question 5

healthy

Answer 5

normal fluctuation in mood

Question 6

reacting

Answer 6

nervousness, irritability , low energy, someone does not have a mental illness at this stage they could just have these feelings for a short time for example due to bereavement.

Question 7

injured

Answer 7

anxiety, anger, restless or disturbed sleep , in this stage they are also not diagnosed as mentally ill but symptoms are serious + more concerning

Question 8

ill

Answer 8

excessive anxiety. This is the stage where the person can be diagnosed with a specific mental disorder

Question 9

Biopsychosocial modal

Answer 9

mental health can be informed by psychological factors, biological factors and social factors

Question 10

Mental wellbeing

Answer 10

broad sense of self ability to live as close as possible to the way they would want

Question 11

what does mental wellbeing be effected by?

Answer 11

can be affected by everyday basis- normal life stressors +life events

Question 12

what does wellbeing balance with?

Answer 12

persons resources and challenges

Question 13

psychological balance

Answer 13

if the challenges exceed the recourses a person has this could lead them to the reactive or injured level. If recourses meet the challenges they would be on a healthy stage.

Question 14

Factors negatively associated with wellbeing

Answer 14

people who are overworked or burnout, emotional exhaustion

Question 15

Factors positively associated with wellbeing

Answer 15

having autonomy, general wellness and good work fulfilment

Question 16

Kim and Lindeman(2020)

Answer 16

internal and external factors that influence wellbeing

Question 17

5 internal factors

Answer 17

-personal factors: personality traits= different personalities coped better than others, so people with high level of resilience have good coping styles had better well being
-flexibility + adaptiveness: good trait which associated with positive well being
-values, ethics and morals: associated with better well being
-meaning and purpose(in work) mitigate against burnout- burnout can be mitigated against or protected if an individual has meaning and purpose in life or their work
-skills and abilities- if someone is skilled this helps them navigate difficulties – if someone can overcome these challenges they will have better well being

Question 18

5 external factors

Answer 18

-relationships and social support: having people give you advice or listen to your problems is important
-sociocultural factors-religion, meditation practice: religion can be a coping mechanism
-work life integration – healthy work life balance helps well being
-organisational factors -people feeling valued in work or school
-financial stressors-negative effect on someone’s well being , economic vitality positively affects someones well being

Question 19

Psychopathology(abnormal psychology

Answer 19

study of mental disorders, causes, developments and treatment and classification(different stages of a condition)

Question 20

common theme across psychopathology

Answer 20

struggle to have social interactions e.g., meaningful conversations. If people have mental disorders they may withdraw from social environments

Question 21

Clinical psychologist

Answer 21

people who deal with abnormal psychological issues

Question 23

counsellors

Answer 23

first point of contact/ first intervention, if the national health service is overwhelmed

Question 24

criminologist

Answer 24

trained in clinical psychology and therapies or managing mental health disorders

Question 25

psychiatrist

Answer 25

trained in terms of medicine

Question 26

psychologist

Answer 26

done bachelors in psychology and training in this as well

Question 27

how are the professionals helpful in mental health?

Answer 27

important to treat mental illness, research the origins and aetiology of different psychological disorders

Question 28

How many in 4 people experience mental illness

Answer 28

1 in 4 people in UK experience mental illness each year

Question 29

what do the centres for disease control and prevention suggest?

Answer 29

50% of people being diagnosed with mental illness each year.

Question 30

Signs + symptoms of psychopathology

Answer 30

changes in eating habits and moods, excessive worry and trouble coping with daily life.

Question 31

2 diagnostic manuals

Answer 31

Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders(DSM 2013)- acts as a guide to classify and diagnose different mental disorders e.g., for disorder it will let you know things such as symptoms the individual will go through
International classification of disorders: has identifiable diagnostic criteria that mental health professionals make to a specific diagnosis

Question 32

Positive psychology

Answer 32

scientific study of what makes life most worth living (Peterson, 2008)

Question 33

what are the 3 things that positive psychology focuses on?

Answer 33

-positive experience: happiness
-positive state- resilience
-positive institution-applying positive principles within entire organisation

Question 34

what does Silgman emphasise?

Answer 34

emphasise that what means to be healthy and wellbeing needs to be researched

Question 35

what 2 terms do Sligman come up with?

Answer 35

flourishing and nourishing

Question 36

Flourishing

Answer 36

high levels of wellbeing find this through making meaning through relationships, leisure time , having autonomy and enjoyment

Question 37

Languishing

Answer 37

low well-being – mental that may make it hard for someone to feel positive in life , can be seen through depersonalisation

Question 38

The complete state model of mental health

Answer 38

This modal says that people can flourish even if they have mental illness

Question 39

what 2 spectrums does the complete state modal of mental health have for mental health?

Answer 39

1.high mental health-flourishing
2.low mental health-languishing

Question 40

what 2 spectrums does the complete state modal of mental health have for mental well being?

Answer 40

1.low mental illness: could be injured or level
2.high mental illness: could be a more serious level

Question 41

Perma modal

Answer 41

created by Martin Seligman framework for happiness and well being

Question 42

5 key pillars of Perma modal

Answer 42

1.Positive emotion-indicator of flourishing
2.Engagement
3.Positive relationships
4.Meaning
5.Accomplishments

Question 43

Criticisms towards positive psychology

Answer 43

-Criticism has been made that there is too much emphasis on self-report data
-Positive psychology starts in western culture -heavily oriented towards white middle class- factors such as injustice, poverty, inequality and cultural are not recognised or considered.
International positive psychology association -looks at positive psychology cross-culturally not just in white western context
-field is to individualistic: ignores interpersonal factors and blames individual , doesn’t focus on exogenous factors