Mental health, well-being, treatment Flashcards
(14 cards)
What qualifies for a clinical diagnosis
anything in the DSM-5
what are some complications in the DSM-5
A single disorder can look different across people
A single symptom can characterize multiple disorders
Disorders often co-occur within people
comorbidity
What is the Importance of cultural competence
Culture can impact way disorders manifest
E.g., Somatization (body pains) more common symptom of depression and trauma in some cultures as opposed to self reporting despair
Culturally specific disorders
E.g., intense fear of offending others
Culture can also impact whether certain symptoms are indications of a psychological disorder
E.g., hallucinations, talking inanimate objects not necessarily indication of a psychological disorder
Cultural competence necessary to prevent misdiagnosis
Benefits of labeling
-Validation and support for patient, it’s “real”
-Allocation and coordination of resources
Knowing how to respond
Costs of labeling
Overdiagnosis (wanting to overapply the label)
Medical students’ disease
Insight therapies
-“Talk therapies”
-Enhance clients’ self-knowledge
-Originated from psychoanalytic & humanistic branches of psychology
-clarifying representations of reality
Three key ingredients in humanistic approaches for insight therapy
-Genuineness
-Unconditional positive regard (doesn’t mean no constructive feedback)
-Accurate empathic understanding
Action Oriented Therapies
Focuses on specific tools and strategies to change responses (thoughts and behaviors)
-more about changing responses (cognitive and motoric). prescribe a clear, concrete course of action.
Behavior Therapies
Definition: Involve application of learning principles to change client’s behavior
Cause of disorders: learning
The symptoms ARE the problem
Behavior is learned, therefore can be unlearned
-changing responses prescribe a clear, concrete course of action.
Cognitive Therapies
Cause of disorders: errors in thinking cause emotional problems
Goals:
Identify cognitive errors
Think more rationally
activationg belief-belief-consequence
-Identifying dysfunctional beliefs and logical errors in thinking.
-Challenging these beliefs and errors.
Action Oriented: Cognitive Behavioral Therapies (CBT)
Based on cognitive theories
Assumptions: patterns of thoughts can change how we feel and behave
Goals: Change the thought patterns, change the feelings and behaviors. Also involves behavior change with reflections.
Uses homework and a lot of active efforts
Biological treatments
-Pharmacotherapy
Also, alternative biological treatments (ECT)
The dodo bird verdict
Common mechanisms across therapies
Different mechanisms leading to same outcome
Not always true—effectiveness of treatments depend on the disorder.
-Placebo effects work the same in most studies
Placebo effect
believing something will help actually makes you feel better
