Mental Illness Lecture Notes

Question 1

Psychological disorder

Answer 1

A cluster of psychological symptoms that cause significant impairment in social, occupational and other important areas of functioning

Question 2

The four D’s

Answer 2

A guideline to what makes a behavior pattern abnormal

Question 3

List of the four D’s

Answer 3

Deviants, dysfunctional, distressing and dangerous

Question 4

DSM

Answer 4

Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. It uses a multi axial diagnostic system containing five axes

Question 5

Etiology

Answer 5

The underlying cause or origin of a phenomenon (such as mental illness)

Question 6

Supernatural theory of mental illness

Answer 6

Also called demonology. Started in the ancient times and stone age. The treatment of mental illness consisted of various ways of driving out evil spirits (example exorcism torture whipping starving scalding and trephination)

Question 7

Trephination

Answer 7

A procedure in which a hole was cut in a mentally ill person school to release evil spirits

Question 8

Hippocrates

Answer 8

Often called the father of medicine. He thought mental illness was a brain disease caused by an in balance of humor’s which are fluids that flow through the body and influence mental and physical functioning (yellow bile, black bile, blood and phlegm)

Question 9

Middle Ages (500-1350)

Answer 9

Demonology returns.

Question 10

Renaissance (1400-1700)

Answer 10

Demonology started to decline and science made a comeback. Treatment of mental illness became more humane

Question 11

Bedlam

Answer 11

Bethlehem hospital London 1546. Patients were kept bound in chains. It became a tourist attraction and people paid to see the chaos.

Question 12

Moral treatment

Answer 12

An approach to treating mental illness that emphasized respectful treatment. 1800s

Question 13

Phillipe Pinel

Answer 13

An early proponent of moral treatment in Europe.

Question 14

Benjamin Rush

Answer 14

Considered to be the father of American psychiatry. He was most responsible for the spread of moral treatment in the US

Question 15

Somatogenic theory

Answer 15

The theory that mental illness has physical (biological) causes. Biological treatments were used shortly thereafter such as ECT (electroconvulsive therapy), lobotomies, hydrotherapy, wrapping, insulin spikes ECT.

Question 16

Deinstitutionalization

Answer 16

Started in the 1960s to have mentally ill people treated in the community

Question 17

Community mental health model

Answer 17

Current model of treatment for mental illness. It had patients say hospitalized for 10-14 days or so.

Question 18

Psychogenic perspective

Answer 18

Late 1800s. The theory that the main cause of mental illness is often psychological. The view had been around for a while. But it wasn’t tried out for years until hypnosis was introduced.

Question 19

Hypnosis

Answer 19

Come from the Greek word Hypnos meaning sleep.

Question 20

Franz Anton Mesmer

Answer 20

German physician who used hypnosis to treat psychological problems. His methods were called Mesmerism.

Question 21

Josef Breuer

Answer 21

Austrian physician who reintroduced hypnosis to treat mental illness

Question 22

Sigmund Freud

Answer 22

Austrian neurologist who studied with Breuer. His main type of physcho analysis was known as free association

Question 23

Psychotherapy

Answer 23

Talk therapy and counseling. A technique in which a trained therapist treats mental illness using mostly verbal, cognitive, psych education and behavioral methods.

Question 24

Psychotropic medication

Answer 24

Medications used to treat symptoms of mental illness.

Question 25

ECT

Answer 25

Electroconvulsive therapy. It is mostly used today as severe treatment resistant depression. Sometimes used for bipolar disorder

Question 26

Psycho surgery

Answer 26

A type of surgery where parts of the brain or removed or destroyed.

Question 27

Anxiety

Answer 27

A state of excessive worry and or fear and nervousness

Question 28

Depression

Answer 28

A mood state characterized by a low or depressed mood and other symptoms as fatigue and lack of motivation

Question 29

Mania

Answer 29

A hyperactive state. Often characterized by a reduced need for sleep, pressured speech, excessive energy, impaired judgement etc.

Question 30

Psychosis

Answer 30

Symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions and disorganized thought processes

Question 31

Abnormal psychology

Answer 31

The branch of psychology focused on the study of psychological disorders

Question 32

Delusions

Answer 32

Believes often of persecution or grandeur

Question 33

Disorganized thought processes

Answer 33

Evidence by disorganize speech (example speech that is nonlinear, on organized, unrelated thoughts, off-topic or nonsensical)

Question 34

Anxiety disorders

Answer 34

Generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder and phobias

Question 35

Mood disorders

Answer 35

Major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder

Question 36

Psychotic disorders

Answer 36

Schizophrenia and delusional disorder

Question 37

Personality

Answer 37

Individuals characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting. Personality is relatively stable over the lifetime

Question 38

Unconscious mind

Answer 38

Ording to Freud, the part of the minds that is beyond our conscious awareness. It is a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, and feelings and memories

Question 39

Dream analysis

Answer 39

Freud called dreams "The world road to the unconscious". He believes dreams represented a disguise form of our unconscious thoughts, fears, desires and feelings. He used dream analysis in his method of psychotherapy.

Question 40

Freud's model consists of three interacting systems

Answer 40

Id, ego and superego

Question 41

Id

Answer 41

Stores unconscious energy. It tries to satisfy our basic drives to survive, reproduce and be aggressive. It operates on the pleasure principle, which means it seeks immediate gratification.

Question 42

Ego

Answer 42

The executive part of the mind (logical and rational). It is mostly conscious and balances out the demands of the id and superego.

Question 43

Superego

Answer 43

Develops after the ego. It is the conscience or morality part of the personality. It judges our actions and produces either feelings of pride or guilt/anxiety. It often conflicts with the id.

Question 44

The 5 psychosexual stages

Answer 44

Oral stage, anal stage, phallic, latent and genital stage

Question 45

Age for psychosexual stages

Answer 45

O: up to about 18 months, A: 3-6 years, P: 3-6 years, L: 6 to puberty, and G: puberty on.

Question 46

Ego defense mechanisms

Answer 46

The ego uses these strafe dies to protect itself from too much anxiety (from the superego). It always involves a distortion of reality. They often disguise threatening impulses and prevent them from reaching consciousness m. All defense mechanisms are unconscious prepcesses

Question 47

Repression

Answer 47

Is the basic defense system. And it supposedly underlies and enables other defense mechanisms.

Question 48

Projection

Answer 48

Disguising our own threatening implies by projecting then onto others.

Question 49

Displacement

Answer 49

Directing anger at a less threatening object

Question 50

Rationalization

Answer 50

Using self serving explanations to justify bad behavior.

Question 51

Reaction-formation

Answer 51

Acting overly scrupulous (overdoing it) to disguise your real desires.

Question 52

Regression

Answer 52

Retreating to an earlier psychosexual stage when scared/stress

Question 53

Freud was a pioneer in

Answer 53

The unconscious, early childhood experiences, the importance of human sexuality, defense mechanisms and distorting reality, invites psychotherapy, developed the first comprehensive theory of perks alien development.

Question 54

Alfred Adler

Answer 54

Austrian physician and psychotherapist. Originally a follower of Freud. Invented the concept of the inferiority complex, which says that feelings of insecurity and inferiority can cause behavior problems.

Question 55

Positive psychology

Answer 55

A movement that began in the late 1990s

Question 56

Martin seligman

Answer 56

American psychologist who focus on persons' strengths instead of weaknesses.