Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm Year 3 Sem1 patient > menustrual disorders > Flashcards

menustrual disorders Flashcards

1
Q

menorrhagia

A 
heavy period (above 80ml per month)  
can cause iron deficiency 
3 days menorrhagia = 1 month of reduced  QOL
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

endometriosis

A

growth of endometrium outside of uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

PCOS

A

polycystic ovary syndrome - follicles in which eggs develop but aren’t released

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

primary dysmenorrhea

A

peak incidence teens to twenties\pelvic pain and cramping
Gi symptoms
headaches, fatigue ,faintness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

secondary dysmenorrhea

A

Consequences of other pelvic pathology,

pain may begin before menstruation (3-5 days before)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what causes dysmenorrhea ?

A

Prostaglandins PGF and PGE
myometrial contractility

endothelins - vasoactive peptides -regulates local PR production
vasopressin - stimulates uterine activity
decreases uterine blood flow (leads to myometrial ischaemia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what causes dysmenorrhea ?

A

the drop in progesterone that causes the period also stimulates the production of
Prostaglandins PGF and PGE
myometrial contractility

endothelins - vasoactive peptides -regulates local PR production
vasopressin - stimulates uterine activity
decreases uterine blood flow (leads to myometrial ischaemia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how are prostaglandins and leukotrienes produced?

A

the withdrawal of progestins causes cell wall phospholipids to be converted to arachidonic acid
COX enzyme convertes this to cyclic endoperoxieds- the pre cursor for PGs

or arachidonic acid can be converted to leukotrines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how is primary dysmenorrhea managed?

A

treat symptoms
NSAIDs - 1st line unless C/I
C/I - asthma, hiatus hernia, GI

ibuprofen, methanamic acid
alt: paracetamol (feminax express) feminax ultra

Antispasmodic: hyoscine butylpromide (unliscened OTC )
poor oral bioavailability

oral contraceptive :
aim to regulate hormone cycle 
inhibits ovulation 
prevents increased PG synth in luteal phase
decreased uterine contractility
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the causes of secondary dysmenorrhea?

A

PG invovlement
PID - pelvic inflammatory Disease - diagnosis - antibiotic treatment needed
endometriosis
menorrhagia
fibroids
uterine polyps
uterine hyperplasia (endometrium overgrowth)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how is secondary dysmenorrhea managed?

A

treat according to cause
surgery: ablation reeve thin uppermost layer of endometrium using hot speculum

symptomatic pain relief
non analgesic relief

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what questions to ask if patient complain about period pain

A

location, duration,before and after
additional symptoms, irregular period
other meds or conditions

OTC
co- codamol, ibuprofen, naproxen , heat wraps, hyoscine

hot water bottles (causes vasodilation), excercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Endometriosis

A

benign
endometrial tissue found outside uterus (lung, GI tract)

caused by retrograde menstruation
increased prevalence with outflow obstruction

found even in embryos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how is endometriosis treated?(surgical and medical)

A

surgical treatment
laparoscopy - restore pelvic anatomy, divide adhesions, ablate endometrial tissue, reduced pain

hysterectomy (for those not wanting children)

medication :
NSAIDS
shrinkers( anti oestrogen )
contraceptives - CHC,POC,LNG-IUS
progesterons
GnRH analogues 
antiprogestogens  (bad side effects so last resort)
Selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) target steroid bisynthetic pathway - new so not licensed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

symptoms of endometriosis

A

dyspareunia (painful intercourse)
dyschezia (difficulty defecating)
dysuria ( similar to UTI , blood in urine)
chronic pelvic pain and menstrual irregularities
rarer :
cyclic haematuria _ bleeding in bladder
cyclical haemopytsis - bleeding in lungs
cyclical tenesmus - constant need to open bowel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

diagnosis of endometriosis

A

pelvic exam (for masses or reduced organ mobility due to masses ‘gluing organs together))

pelvic ultrasound (transabdominal or transvaginal) to identify masses
MRI and bloods not recommended

stage 1-4
1-2 - minimal to mild, poorly visualised common implantation site uterine and ovarian

stage 3-4
mod to severe , associated with adhesions
rectovaginal endometriosis, bowel invasion

17
Q

diagnosing menorrhagia

A

flooding, large clots, double sanitary protection, frequent sanitary changes

18
Q

cause of menorrhagia

A

most no underlining pelvic pathology :
DUB - dysfunctional uterine 60%bleeding (no pathology, pregnancy )

Gynaecological causes 35%:
menopause, fibroids,PID,miscarriage,ectopic pregnancy,adenomyosis,

endocrine and haemo causes,5%:
hepatic, renal or thyroid disease,PCOS
blood thinning meds

19
Q

symptoms suggestive of underlying pelvic pathology menorrhagia

A 
irregular bleeding
sudden change in blood loss, intermenstrual bleeding, dyspareunia
post coital bleeding
pelvic pain
premenstrual pain
20
Q

diagnosing menorhagia

A 
blood tests: iron, ferritin (thyroid)
physical exam (tummy, cervix, enlarged tender ovaries, uterus)
cervical smear
endometrial biopsy
ultrasound 
sonohysterography (fluid imagiing)
hysterscopy (camera )
21
Q

treating dysmenorrhea

A

symptomatic relief:

surgical treatment:
uterine artery embolisation (shutdown certain blood vessels)
myomectomy (fibroid removal)
hysterectomy)

Pharmalogical treatment:

NSAID
paracetamol
oral cyclical progestogen (high dose 5mg)
anti- progestogen gestrinone/danazol
hormonal contraceptive :
CHC,POC, IUS /parenteral progesterone , Mirena
local application of heat
TENS - Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

22
Q

treating dysmenorrhea

A

symptomatic relief:

surgical treatment:
uterine artery embolisation (shutdown certain blood vessels)
myomectomy (fibroid removal)
hysterectomy)

Pharmalogical treatment:

NSAID
paracetamol
oral cyclical progestogen (high dose 5mg)
anti- progestogen e.g. gestrinone/danazol
hormonal contraceptive :
CHC,POC, IUS /parenteral progesterone , Mirena
local application of heat
TENS - Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

23
Q

oligomenorhoea

A

infrequent (or, in occasional usage, very light) menstruation.[1] More strictly, it is menstrual periods occurring at intervals of greater than 35 days,

24
Q

treating dysmenorrhea

A

symptomatic relief:

surgical treatment:
uterine artery embolisation (shutdown certain blood vessels)
myomectomy (fibroid removal)
hysterectomy)

Pharmalogical treatment:

NSAID
paracetamol
oral cyclical progestogen (low dose 5mg)
anti- progestogen e.g. gestrinone/danazol
hormonal contraceptive :
CHC,POC, IUS /parenteral progesterone , Mirena
local application of heat
TENS - Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

25
Q

oligomenorhoea

A

infrequent (or, in occasional usage, very light) menstruation. More strictly, it is menstrual periods occurring at intervals of greater than 35 days,

26
Q

polymenorrhea

A

abnormally frequent, last excessively long, is more than normal, or is irregular.

Pharm Year 3 Sem1 patient (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions