Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MET2 > MET2 Histology Qs (Kidney; liver; endocrine) > Flashcards

MET2 Histology Qs (Kidney; liver; endocrine) Flashcards

(67 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Label A-C

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the cell structure like of bile ducts?

Simple squamous
Simple cuboidal
Simple columnar
Stratified squamous
Stratified columnar

A

What is the cell structure like of bile ducts?

Simple squamous
Simple cuboidal
Simple columnar
Stratified squamous
Stratified columnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Label A-C

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Sinusoids have:

continuous endothelium
discontinuous endothelium
fenestrated endothelium

A

Sinusoids have:

continuous endothelium
discontinuous endothelium
fenestrated endothelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Label A-C of liver histology

A

.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Canaliculi are joined by which type of junctions between adjacent hepatocytes?

Gap junctions
Desmosomes
Fascia Adherens
Tight junctions

A

Canaliculi are joined by which type of junctions between adjacent hepatocytes?

Gap junctions
Desmosomes
Fascia Adherens
Tight junctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Label A&B

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which pathology is depicted here?

Cholecystitis
Cholestasis
Steatosis
Cirrhosis

A

Which pathology is depicted here?

Cholecystitis
Cholestasis
Steatosis
Cirrhosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Label these parts of the pituitary gland

A

A: hypothalamus
B: pituitary stalk
C: posterior pitiutary
D: anterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which one of these is AP and PP? [2]

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which part is AP and PP? [2]

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

AP

A

X

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Label these cells of anterior pit [3]

A

.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which AP cells are which on the masson trichrome? [2]

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Posterior Pit:

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Posterior Pituitary

A

:)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Label A of PP

A

Herring Bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the 3 divisions of the adrenal cortex? [3]

A
  • Glomerulosa (near capsule)
  • Fasiculata
  • Reticularis (near medulla)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which adrenal cortex zone is this? [1]
What does it secrete? [1]

A

Zona fasciculata (tell by the lipid nature)
Secretes: glucorticoids such as cortisol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which adrenal cortex zone is this? [1]
What does it secrete? [1]

A

Zona reticularis (dark staining)
secretes sex hormones: oestrogen and testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Which adrenal cortex zone is this? [1] What does it secrete? [1]
Zona glomerulosa: **aldosterone**
26
Label A-C
A: zona glomerulosa B: zona reticularis C: zona fasciculata
27
Label A
Central vein
28
29
What is pheochromocytoma? Name 3 symptoms
* Grows from the **chromaffin cells** * Most are benign only about 10% metastasise to other parts of the body * Very rare (8 people per 1 million) * Classic triad of episodic (in around 30%) * **Headaches** * **Sweating** * **Tachycardia** due to increased adrenaline release * Fine granular cytoplasm can be deeply basophilic * Granules are filled with catecholamines * Nuclei round or oval with one or more nucleoli
30
31
Label A1 and A2 B C
A1: Follicles A2: colloid (and a central mass of follicles) B: Follicular epithelial cells C: LCT
32
FYI
**Normal Thyroid on left** **Graves on right:** Clear vacuoles in colloid next to epithelium where increased activity of epithelium has used colloid to make thyroid hormone
33
Explain characterisitcs of Hashimoto thyroidosis
* Autoimmune disease of T * Causes **hypothyrodism** due to destruction of TSH receptor * **Lympocyte** infiltration occurs
34
What are two types of cells in parathyroid gland? [2] What are their functions? [2] How can you tell apart
What are two types of cells in parathyroid gland? [2] **Oxyphil cells** function unknown, **large, fewer, small acidophilic cytoplasm with many mito** **Chief cells**: produce PTH, **prominent central nuclei surroundered by pale cytoplasm**
35
A: chief cells B: oxyphil cells
36
37
Identify the clusters of chief cells (CC), which secrete PTH. Also, identify oxyphil cells (OC), which are larger and paler staining than the chief cells.
38
Where do you find alpha cells, beta cells and delta cells in islet of Langerhans?
Alpha: **periperhy** Beta: **Centre** Delta: **scattered**
39
Which of the following is the PCT? A B C D E
Which of the following is the PCT? A B C D **E**
40
Which of the following is the mesengial cell? A B C D E
Which of the following is the PCT? A B **C** D E
41
Which of the following is the podocyte? A B C D E
Which of the following is the podocyte? **A** B C D E
42
Which of the following is the bowmans space? A B C D E
Which of the following is the bowmans space? A B C **D** E
43
Label A-E of renal corpsucle
A: podocyte B: Bowmans space C: Foot process (of podocytes) D: basement membrane E: endothelial cell
44
Describe the structure of the podocyte foot processes [2]
**Podocytes** extend **processes** that surround the **capillaries** These processes form **secondary processes** called **foot processes**
45
How are PCT cells specialised to have increased absorbtion? [1] How can you tell PCT cells are PCT cells? [1]
Apical brush border Large, deeply eosinophilic and some do not have nuclei visible
46
Label A-C
A: **PCT** B: **thin limb** C: **thick ascending**
47
How do you distinguish cells from LoH compared to PCT cells?
Question will say is from medulla of kidney PCT: **has brush border and smaller diameter** LoH: **no brush border and much bigger diameter. cuboidal cell**
48
How do you distinguish cells from the DCT? [3]
- smaller more lightly stained c.f. PCT - **more nuclei can be seen** - lack of brush border - (less of them because DCT is smaller section of nephron)
49
Label A&B
A: PCT B: DCT
50
Label A&B
A: DCT B: PCT
51
Label A-C
A: PCT B: mesengial cells C: DCT
52
Which of the following are PCT and DCT?
53
54
55
56
Label A&B
A: DCT B: PCT
57
Describe the different layers of the ureter [3]
- an **inner longitudinal** layer **smooth muscle** - an **outer circular** layer of **smooth muscle** - **lumen** of the ureter is covered by **transitional epithelium**
58
Describe the different layers of the bladder [2]
- transitional epithelium - disordered smooth muscle below
59
Urethra: Both male and female lined with [] which becomes [] at the terminal portion
Both male and female lined with **transitional** **epithelium** which becomes **stratified squamous** at the terminal portion
60
Describe pathophysiology of minimal change disease
Glomerulus appears norma under light microscopel but under electron microscope: **loss of foot processes of the podocytes** and glomerular filtration barrier **Loss of albumin**: causes peripheral oedema, pitting oedema, puffy face and overall unwell
61
Describe pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy
- Linked to high glucose - Caused by **thickening of basement membrane** and matrix: causes **stretching of podocytes and endothelial cells** - this creates **Kimmelstiel–Wilson nodules** - creates **micro-aneursyms**: more likely to get **blood plasma and albumin in the filtrate** - finally causes **lipohyaline cap deposits** and hyalinosis of afferent and efferent arterioles
62
Describe pathophysiology of Glomerulonephritis
- Membranous glomerulonephritis characterised by **thickening of glomerular basement membrane** due to presence of subepithelial immune deposits - caused by **autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)** and production of **self antigen antibodies** beind deposited in the kidney: - The deposition of the immune complex at the **glomerular membrane** is responsible for the **inflammatory reaction** at the glomerulus
63
Transitional
64
Smooth muscle. Contracts to expel urine from the bladder. Smooth muscle layers are arranged in multiple directions in the bladder whereas the layers in the ureter have more defined orientations.
65
Smooth muscle. Contracts to expel urine from the bladder. Smooth muscle layers are arranged in multiple directions in the bladder whereas the layers in the ureter have more defined orientations.
66
PCT
67
PCT

MET2 (52 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions