Met Anatomy 2

Question 1

Which nerve provides parasympathetic innervation to the foregut and midgut? [1]

Which parasympathetic nerve innervates the hindgut? [1]

Answer 1

Parasympathetic:

Foregut and midgut: Vagus nerve
Hindgut: Pelvic splachnic nerve

Question 2

Where is the pituitary gland housed? [1]

Answer 2

sella turcica

Question 3

Which structures are found in the cavernous sinus? [6]

Answer 3

CN III
CN IV
CN V1 and V2
CN VI
ICA

Question 4

Label A-H

Answer 4

A: ICA
B: Pit. gland
C: CN IV
D: CN III
E: CN V1 - opthalmic nerve
F: CN V2 - maxillary nerve
G: CNVI - abducens nerve

Question 5

If a pituitary tumour presses on the central part of the optic chiasm, what visual effect occurs? [1]

Answer 5

bitemporal hemianopia

Question 6

What is the name for where the main and accessory pancreatic ducts drain into the duodenum? [2 - two names]

What is the structure that surrounds ^? [1]

Answer 6

Ampulla of vater / pancreatoduodenal ampula

Sphincter of Oddi

Question 7

Label the different pancreatic ducts

Answer 7

Question 8

The ampulla of vater is formed of formation of which two ducts? [2]

Answer 8

Common bile duct [1]
Main pancreatic duct [1]

Question 9

Which of the following is the splenic vein?

A
B
C
D
E

Answer 9

Which of the following is the splenic vein?

A
B
C
D
E

Question 10

Which of the following is the inferior pancreatoduodenal vein?

A
B
C
D
E
F

Answer 10

Which of the following is the inferior pancreatoduodenal vein?

A
B
C
D
E
F

Question 11

Which of the following is the superior pancreatoduodenal vein?

A
B
C
D
E
F

Answer 11

Which of the following is the superior pancreatoduodenal vein?

A
B
C
D
E
F

Question 12

Which of the following is the portal vein?

A
B
C
D
E
F

Answer 12

Which of the following is the portal vein?

A
B
C
D
E
F

Question 13

Which of the following is the inferior mesenteric vein?

A
B
C
D
E
F

Answer 13

Which of the following is the Which of the following is the inferior mesenteric vein?
vein?

A
B
C
D
E
F

Question 14

Which of the following is the superior mesenteric vein?

A
B
C
D
E

Answer 14

Which of the following is the superior mesenteric vein?

A
B
C
D
E

Question 15

Which structures make the porta hepatis? [3]

Answer 15

Question 16

Pancreatic arterial supply?

Answer 16

Question 17

What structure does the bile duct pass through? [1]
Why is this clinically significant? [1]

Answer 17

Head of pancreas
If pancreas has cancer - blocks bile duct

Question 18

Which organ is associated with the head [1] and tail [1] of spleen?

Answer 18

Head: duodenum
Tail: spleen

Question 19

Label A-C

Answer 19

A: Coronary ligament
B: Falciform ligament
C: Ligamentum teres

Question 20

What are the lobes of the liver? [4]
Draw them x

Answer 20

Right lobe
Left lobe
Caudate lobe
Quadrate lobe

Question 21

What is the difference between cystic duct and bile duct?

Answer 21

The cystic duct connects the gallbladder (a small organ that stores bile) to the common bile duct

The common bile duct: passes through the pancreas before it empties into the first part of the small intestine (duodenum).

Question 22

Which embryological structure is the ligamentum teres a remnant of? [1]

Answer 22

Umbilical vein

Question 23

What are 3 sites of portal - systemic circulation anastomes? [3]

Answer 23

Oesophagael
Rectal
Umbilical

Question 24

What is a TIPS? [1]
Why would this process be used? [1]

Answer 24

What is a TIPS? [1]: transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
Why would this process be used? [1]: keep flow back to the heart whilst bypassing the liver

Question 25

Label A & B [2]

Answer 25

A: Isthmus B: Parathyroid glands

Question 26

Describe the arterial supply to the thyroid [2] And their sources [2]

Answer 26

* The **superior thyroid artery** (STA) arising from the **external carotid artery** (ECA) * The **inferior thyroid artery** (ITA) branching from the **thyrocervical trunk**

Question 27

Describe venous drainage & route of the thyroid [5]

Answer 27

The thyroid gland is drained via the **superior, middle, and inferior thyroid veins**: form a **venous plexus around the thyroid gland.** [3] Superior and middle veins drain into the **internal jugular vein** [1] Inferior vein: empties into the **brachiocephalic vein** [1]

Question 28

The superior, middle and inferior thyroid veins are responsible for the venous drainage of the thyroid gland. Where does the inferior thyroid vein empty into? External jugular vein Internal jugular vein Brachiocephalic vein Facial vein

Answer 28

The superior, middle and inferior thyroid veins are responsible for the venous drainage of the thyroid gland. Where does the inferior thyroid vein empty into? External jugular vein Internal jugular vein **Brachiocephalic vein** Facial vein

Question 29

Which embryological remnant might explain a central neck lump which ascends on tongue protrusion? Branchial cyst Thyroid nodule Cystic hygroma Thyroglossal cyst

Answer 29

Which embryological remnant might explain a central neck lump which ascends on tongue protrusion? Branchial cyst Thyroid nodule Cystic hygroma **Thyroglossal cyst** *A thyroglossal cyst arises from a failure of the thyroglossal duct to regress during development. It typically presents as a midline lump in the anterior neck which rises on tongue protrusion*

Question 30

During a thyroidectomy, the inferior thyroid artery is identified and ligated. Which vessel directly gives rise to the inferior thyroid artery? External carotid artery Thyrocervical trunk Internal carotid artery Aortic arch

Answer 30

During a thyroidectomy, the inferior thyroid artery is identified and ligated. Which vessel directly gives rise to the inferior thyroid artery? External carotid artery Thyrocervical trunk **Internal carotid artery** Aortic arch

Question 31

What supplies sympathetic [1] & parasympathetic [1] nervous supply to thryoid?

Answer 31

SNS: **Cervical ganglion** PNS: **Recurrent LN**

Question 32

Describe the blood supply to the adrenal glands? [3] & sources? [3]

Answer 32

The adrenal glands have a rich blood supply via three main arteries: Superior adrenal artery – arises from the inferior phrenic artery Middle adrenal artery – arises from the abdominal aorta. Inferior adrenal artery – arises from the renal arteries.

Question 33

Label A-E of different zones of the adrenal glands

Answer 33

A: cortex B: zona glomerulosa C: zona fasciculata D: zona reticularis E: medulla

Question 34

Which of the following produces and secretes androgens such as dehydroepiandrosterone (DHES). It also secretes a small amount of corticosteroids. A B C D E

Answer 34

Which of the following produces and secretes androgens such as dehydroepiandrosterone (DHES). It also secretes a small amount of corticosteroids. A B C **D**: zona reticularis E

Question 35

Which of the following produces and secretes androgens such as dehydroepiandrosterone (DHES). It also secretes a small amount of corticosteroids. A B C D E

Answer 35

Which of the following produces and secretes androgens such as dehydroepiandrosterone (DHES). It also secretes a small amount of corticosteroids. A B C **D** E

Question 36

Which of the following secrete adrenaline? A B C D E

Answer 36

Which of the following secrete adrenaline? A B C D **E**

Question 37

Which of the following secretes aldosterone? A B C D E

Answer 37

Which of the following secretes aldosterone? A **B**: zona glomerulosa C D E

Question 38

Which of the following secretes cortisol? A B C D E

Answer 38

Which of the following secretes cortisol? A B **C** : zona fasciculata D E

Question 39

Describe adrenal venous drainage [2]

Answer 39

Right and left adrenal veins drain the glands. The **right adrenal vein** drains into the **inferior vena cava** The **left adrenal vein** drains into the **left renal vein**.