Metabolic and Oncology

Question 1

What electrolyte abnormality can heparin cause?

Answer 1

Enoxaparin

Question 2

Which causes of hyperlipidaemia give a hypercholesterolaemia rather than a hypertriglyceridaemia?

Answer 2

Nephrotic syndrome

Question 3

The gene encoding what structure is mutated in familial hypercholesterolaemia?

Answer 3

LDL receptor

Question 4

What are the causes of hypertension with low potassium?

Answer 4

Conn’s
Cushings
RAS

Question 5

What is the maximum rate of infusion of IV potassium?

Answer 5

10mmol/hr

Question 6

What ECG changes are associated with hypocalcaemia?

Answer 6

QT prolongation

AF

Question 7

Which diuretics might cause hypokalaemia?

Answer 7

Indapamide (thiazides)

Question 8

What might cause hypophosphataemia?

Answer 8

EtOH excess
Acute liver failure
DKA
Refeeding syndrome
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Osteomalacia

Question 9

CEA tumour marker?

Answer 9

Colorectal

Question 10

Ca 19-9 tumour marker?

Answer 10

Pancreatic

Question 11

Ca 15-3 tumour marker?

Answer 11

Breast

Question 12

AFP tumour marker?

Answer 12

HCC, teratoma

Question 13

What two other cancers are BRCA mutations associated with?

Answer 13

Ovarian

Prostate

Question 14

What are the Amsterdam criteria?

Answer 14

Risk of Lynch syndrome

3>= f members with confirmed disease
2 generations affected
1 or more under age of 50

Question 15

What is Gardener’s syndrome?

Answer 15

FAP

Skull osteoma, thyroid cancer, demoed tumours

Question 16

Dex or Mannitol?

Answer 16

Dex

Question 17

What is Pemberton’s sign and what does it indicate?

Answer 17

Ask the patient to raise their arms till touching their face. IF they develop central cyanosis or worsened SoB it is positive -> indicating SVC obstruction

Question 18

What are the side effects of cyclophosphamide?

Answer 18

Haemorrhagic cystitis
Myelosuppression
TCC

Question 19

What is the side effect of Bleomycin?

Answer 19

Lung fibrosis

Question 20

What is the side effect of Doxorubicin?

Answer 20

Cardiomyopathy

Question 21

What is the side effect of Herceptin/Trastuzumab?

Answer 21

Cardiomyopathy

Question 22

What are the side effects of methotrexate?

Answer 22

Myelosuppression
Mucosistis
Fibrosis of lung and liver

Question 23

What are the side effects of platinum based chemo drugs?

Answer 23

Ototoxicity
Peripheral neuropathy
Hypomagnesaemia

Question 24

What are the side effects of vincristine?

Answer 24

Peripheral neuropathy

Paralytic ileus

Question 25

What is the earliest sign of spinal cord compression?

Answer 25

Back pain

Question 26

Which three cancers most frequently metastasise to the bone?

Answer 26

Prostate Breast Lung

Question 27

Which class of antiemetics are useful in chemo patients?

Answer 27

5HT3 antagonists e.g. ondansetron

Question 28

What are the causes of SVC obstruction?

Answer 28

``` Lung cancer most common Other cancers Aortic aneurysm Mediastinal fibrosis Goitre SVC thrombosis ```

Question 29

What single drug is important to give in SVC obstruction?

Answer 29

Dexamethasone

Question 30

Which lung cancer is most strongly associated with smoking?

Answer 30

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 31

Calcitonin tumour marker?

Answer 31

Medullary thyroid cancer

Question 32

What can be bed to suppress N/V in intracranial tumours?

Answer 32

Dex