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pt clin med > METABOLIC disorders / 3 > Flashcards

METABOLIC disorders / 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 types of osteochondrosis

A
  1. Scheuermann’s Disease

2. Calve’s Disease

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2
Q

What is osteochondrosis

A

Interruption of blood supply of epiphysis of bone

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3
Q

What is osteochondrosis of primary center of ossification in the spine

A

Calve’s disease

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4
Q

What is osteochondrosis of secondary center of ossification on the spine

A

Scheuermann’s disease

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5
Q

What does Scheuermann’s result in

A

Kyphotic posture

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6
Q

What ages are effected by Calve’s disease

A

2-8

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7
Q

How many vertebrae is Calve’s disease limited to

A

1

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8
Q

What does Calve’s cause

A

Avascular necrosis of langerhan cells which creates granulomas

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9
Q

What are the types of osteoporosis

A

Type I and II

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10
Q

What is type I osteoporosis

A

Postmenopausal osteoporosis

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11
Q

Who gets type I osteoporosis

A

5-20% of women between 50-70

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12
Q

What is type II osteoporosis

A

Senile osteoporosis

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13
Q

Who gets type II osteoporosis

A

Women more than men over 70

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14
Q

What percent of women over the age of 45 will be affected by osteoporosis

A

30-45%

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15
Q

When does bone mass peak

A

25-35

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16
Q

How much bone mass loss occurs during the first 5 years of menopause

A

11%

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17
Q

How much bone mass loss occurs during the following 20 years of menopause

A

5%

18
Q

How much calcium do premenopausal women need

A

Over 1000 mg

19
Q

How much calcium do postmenopausal women need

A

Over 1500 mg

20
Q

What is osteomalacia

A

Softening of bone without loss of bone matrix

21
Q

What causes osteomalacia (2)

A
  1. Insufficient intestinal calcium

2. Increased renal phosphate losses

22
Q

What is scurvy

A

Vitamin C deficiency which leads to failure of osteoblastic formation of bone matrix

23
Q

What does scurvy cause

A

Hemorrhagic manifestations and abnormal formation of bones and teeth

24
Q

What is arthrogryposis multiplex congenita

A

Nonprogressive neuromuscular syndrome characterized by multiple congenital contractures in and intact skeleton

25
Q

What does arthrogryposis multiplex congenita cause

A

Contractures in flexion or extension, amyoplasia

26
Q

What is distal arthrogryposis

A

Primarily affectin hands and feet

27
Q

What is the incidence of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita per birth

A

1 in 3000/4000

28
Q

What is osteogenesis imperfecta defined as

A

Brittle bones

29
Q

How does osteogenesis imperfecta occur

A

Due to mutations in type I collagen affecting bone, teeth, and ligaments

30
Q

How is osteogenesis imperfecta diagnosed

A

Skin biopsy revealing collagen mutation

31
Q

What is another name for achondroplasia

A

Dwarfism

32
Q

How do you diagnose achondroplasia

A

DNA test performed before birth

33
Q

How many mutated genes are required for achondroplasia

A

2

34
Q

What are indicators of achondroplasia

A

Slow motor development, walking doesn’t occur until 24-36 months, obesity, and otitis media

35
Q

What is otitis media

A

Middle ear infection

36
Q

How does achondroplasia present on an X-Ray

A

Large skull, narrow foramen magnum, short vertebral bodies, narrow spinal canal, fibular overgrowth, broad hands short metacarpals, and ribs are short

37
Q

Achondroplasia is failure of what

A

Longitudinal growth in cartilage of epiphyseal plate

38
Q

Marfan syndrome is hyper or hypochondroplasia

A

Hyperchondroplasia

39
Q

Marfan syndrome has a defect in what

A

The gene that produces fibrilin

40
Q

What does fibrilin do

A

Gives connective tissue its elasticity and strength

41
Q

Clinical picture of Marfan syndrome

A

Tall, excessive length of limbs and trunk, hypermobility, chest wall abnormalities

42
Q

What are the Ghent criteria (6)

A
  1. Enlarged aorta
  2. Aortic dissection
  3. Dislocation of lens
  4. Dural ectasia
  5. Skeletal problems
  6. Abnormal gene that causes Marfan

pt clin med (15 decks)

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