Thoracic Pathophysiology

Question 1

only blank percent of disk herniations are symptomatic

Answer 1

1

Question 2

females or males have more thoracic spine disorders

Answer 2

females

Question 3

high prevalence of blank percent in adolescents for thoracic spine conditions

Answer 3

41

Question 4

lateral curvature of spine is a blank scoliosis

Answer 4

type 1 dysfunction

Question 5

reversible lateral curvature

Answer 5

functional scoliosis

Question 6

irreversible lateral curvature

Answer 6

structural scoliosis

Question 7

primary curve in scoliosis

Answer 7

major 1 prime

Question 8

compensatory curve in scoliosis

Answer 8

secondary 2 prime

Question 9

most benign and least deforming scoliosis

Answer 9

primary lumbar 23.6 percent

Question 10

not severely deforming scoliosis 16 percent

Answer 10

thoracolumbar

Question 11

worst scoliosis and blank yeears of active growth can increase curve

Answer 11

primary thoracic (22.1 percent)

Question 12

aka postural scoliosis

Answer 12

nonstructural

Question 13

postural scoliosis may present with pain and muscle blank and blank discrepancy which may not be real

Answer 13

spasm, limb length

Question 14

birth to 3 years scoliosis

Answer 14

infantile

Question 15

4 to 9 scoliosis

Answer 15

juvenile

Question 16

10 to end of growth scoliosis

Answer 16

adolescent

Question 17

85 percent of structural scoliosis is blank

Answer 17

idiopathic

Question 18

two osteopathic structural scoliosis

Answer 18

congenital, acquired,

Question 19

congenital scoliosis can be blank or blank

Answer 19

localized, generalized

Question 20

acquired scoliosis can be from blank

Answer 20

fractures/dislocations

Question 21

structural scoliosis that can be from spina bifida (congenital) or cerebral palsy/ paraplegia (acquired)

Answer 21

neuropathic

Question 22

structural scoliosis that can be from muscular atrophy (congenital) or dystrophy (acquired)

Answer 22

myopathic

Question 23

infantile idiopathic scoliosis is more common in blank

Answer 23

boys

Question 24

juvenile and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is more common in blank

Answer 24

girls

Question 25

most common type of idiopathic scoliosis in adolescent girls

Answer 25

right thoracic

Question 26

idiopathic scoliosis begins blank but can be blank in adolescents

Answer 26

slow, fast

Question 27

idiopathic scoliosis progresses when wedge shape blank form on concave side

Answer 27

vertebrae

Question 28

< 10 degree scoliosis is blank

Answer 28

normal

Question 29

< 30 degree scoliosis is blank

Answer 29

mild

Question 30

< 40 degree scoliosis is blank

Answer 30

severe

Question 31

scoliosis less than 30 degrees does not usually blank

Answer 31

progress

Question 32

exercises and body casts do not prevent blank of scoliosis

Answer 32

progression

Question 33

scoliosis brace for 1 prime thoracic

Answer 33

milwaukee

Question 34

scoliosis brace for lumbar and T/L curves

Answer 34

boston

Question 35

operative treatment of scoliosis is for curves bigger than blank and cast is on for blank

Answer 35

40 degrees, 3 months

Question 36

scoliosis that needs operation is not performed until child is blank

Answer 36

10 years old

Question 37

osteochondrosis of secondary centers (pressure epiphysis) of ossification in the spine (end of long bones most often)

Answer 37

scheuermanns disease

Question 38

osteochondrosis of primary center of ossification in the spine

Answer 38

calve's disease

Question 39

idiopathic avascular necrosis affecting epiphyses

Answer 39

osteochondrosis

Question 40

common population for getting osteochondrosis

Answer 40

boys aged 3 - 10

Question 41

osteochondrosis may blank spontaneously

Answer 41

heal

Question 42

first phase of osteochondrosis

Answer 42

necrosis

Question 43

second phase of osteochondrosis

Answer 43

bone deposition and resorption and revascularization

Question 44

3rd phase of osteochondrosis

Answer 44

bone heals

Question 45

an object in body that can mold into normal or abnormal shape depending on forces applied

Answer 45

biologic plasticity

Question 46

osteochondrosis fourth phase

Answer 46

residual deformity

Question 47

joint incongruity and motion limitation will lead to blank from osteochondrosis

Answer 47

osteoarthritis

Question 48

in scheurmanns disease there is a growth disturbance in the blank anteriorly

Answer 48

epiphyseal plates

Question 49

scheuermanns disease results in increased blank

Answer 49

kyphosis

Question 50

scheurmanns disease is most common in blank and involves blank vertebrae in the thoracic region

Answer 50

older teens, 3-4 adjacent

Question 51

scheuermanns disease may interfere with blank growth and cause blank nodes

Answer 51

epiphyseal, schmorl's

Question 52

goal of intervention of scheurmanns disease is to minimize blank

Answer 52

deformities (rounded shoulders/poor posture)

Question 53

disease less common than scheuermanns and is limited to one vertebral body

Answer 53

calves

Question 54

calves disease is usually in these ages

Answer 54

2-8

Question 55

calves disease is characterized by blank that creates discrete but destructive lesions in bone

Answer 55

avascular necrosis 2 prime

Question 56

calves disease is diagnosed by blank vertebrae on x ray

Answer 56

very thin

Question 57

postural syndrome is greater in blank than blank

Answer 57

females, males

Question 58

postural syndrome is characterized by blank or blank pain

Answer 58

local, referred

Question 59

syndrome characterized by compression of neurovascular bundle as it emerges from thorax and enters upper limb

Answer 59

thoracic outlet

Question 60

space between clavicle and first rib

Answer 60

clavicular

Question 61

thoracic outlet is in the space between the blank and blank and compartmentalized by the blank

Answer 61

clavicle, first rib, scalenes

Question 62

vein entering from arm and exiting between clavicle, first rib and anterior scalenes

Answer 62

subclavian

Question 63

thoracic outlet syndrome symptoms are like blank touch or blank of arms

Answer 63

cold to touch, heaviness

Question 64

most common fracture of thoracic spine

Answer 64

compression

Question 65

less common but more serious thoracic spine injury because of instability

Answer 65

fracture dislocation

Question 66

fall from height compression fracture where ligaments are intact and spinal cord is stable but can be injured from fragments of bone

Answer 66

burst compression fracture

Question 67

surgery may be done for burst compression fracture to remove blank

Answer 67

fragments

Question 68

thoracic spine injury from high velocity injury where ligaments are torn and vertebral column is unstable

Answer 68

fracture dislocation

Question 69

these fractures heal very rapidly and almost never nonunion

Answer 69

ribs