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pt clin med > Thoracic Pathophysiology > Flashcards

Thoracic Pathophysiology Flashcards

1
Q

only blank percent of disk herniations are symptomatic

A

1

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2
Q

females or males have more thoracic spine disorders

A

females

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3
Q

high prevalence of blank percent in adolescents for thoracic spine conditions

A

41

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4
Q

lateral curvature of spine is a blank scoliosis

A

type 1 dysfunction

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5
Q

reversible lateral curvature

A

functional scoliosis

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6
Q

irreversible lateral curvature

A

structural scoliosis

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7
Q

primary curve in scoliosis

A

major 1 prime

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8
Q

compensatory curve in scoliosis

A

secondary 2 prime

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9
Q

most benign and least deforming scoliosis

A

primary lumbar 23.6 percent

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10
Q

not severely deforming scoliosis 16 percent

A

thoracolumbar

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11
Q

worst scoliosis and blank yeears of active growth can increase curve

A

primary thoracic (22.1 percent)

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12
Q

aka postural scoliosis

A

nonstructural

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13
Q

postural scoliosis may present with pain and muscle blank and blank discrepancy which may not be real

A

spasm, limb length

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14
Q

birth to 3 years scoliosis

A

infantile

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15
Q

4 to 9 scoliosis

A

juvenile

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16
Q

10 to end of growth scoliosis

A

adolescent

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17
Q

85 percent of structural scoliosis is blank

A

idiopathic

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18
Q

two osteopathic structural scoliosis

A

congenital, acquired,

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19
Q

congenital scoliosis can be blank or blank

A

localized, generalized

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20
Q

acquired scoliosis can be from blank

A

fractures/dislocations

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21
Q

structural scoliosis that can be from spina bifida (congenital) or cerebral palsy/ paraplegia (acquired)

A

neuropathic

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22
Q

structural scoliosis that can be from muscular atrophy (congenital) or dystrophy (acquired)

A

myopathic

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23
Q

infantile idiopathic scoliosis is more common in blank

A

boys

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24
Q

juvenile and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is more common in blank

A

girls

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25
Q

most common type of idiopathic scoliosis in adolescent girls

A

right thoracic

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26
Q

idiopathic scoliosis begins blank but can be blank in adolescents

A

slow, fast

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27
Q

idiopathic scoliosis progresses when wedge shape blank form on concave side

A

vertebrae

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28
Q

< 10 degree scoliosis is blank

A

normal

29
Q

< 30 degree scoliosis is blank

A

mild

30
Q

< 40 degree scoliosis is blank

A

severe

31
Q

scoliosis less than 30 degrees does not usually blank

A

progress

32
Q

exercises and body casts do not prevent blank of scoliosis

A

progression

33
Q

scoliosis brace for 1 prime thoracic

A

milwaukee

34
Q

scoliosis brace for lumbar and T/L curves

A

boston

35
Q

operative treatment of scoliosis is for curves bigger than blank and cast is on for blank

A

40 degrees, 3 months

36
Q

scoliosis that needs operation is not performed until child is blank

A

10 years old

37
Q

osteochondrosis of secondary centers (pressure epiphysis) of ossification in the spine (end of long bones most often)

A

scheuermanns disease

38
Q

osteochondrosis of primary center of ossification in the spine

A

calve’s disease

39
Q

idiopathic avascular necrosis affecting epiphyses

A

osteochondrosis

40
Q

common population for getting osteochondrosis

A

boys aged 3 - 10

41
Q

osteochondrosis may blank spontaneously

A

heal

42
Q

first phase of osteochondrosis

A

necrosis

43
Q

second phase of osteochondrosis

A

bone deposition and resorption and revascularization

44
Q

3rd phase of osteochondrosis

A

bone heals

45
Q

an object in body that can mold into normal or abnormal shape depending on forces applied

A

biologic plasticity

46
Q

osteochondrosis fourth phase

A

residual deformity

47
Q

joint incongruity and motion limitation will lead to blank from osteochondrosis

A

osteoarthritis

48
Q

in scheurmanns disease there is a growth disturbance in the blank anteriorly

A

epiphyseal plates

49
Q

scheuermanns disease results in increased blank

A

kyphosis

50
Q

scheurmanns disease is most common in blank and involves blank vertebrae in the thoracic region

A

older teens, 3-4 adjacent

51
Q

scheuermanns disease may interfere with blank growth and cause blank nodes

A

epiphyseal, schmorl’s

52
Q

goal of intervention of scheurmanns disease is to minimize blank

A

deformities (rounded shoulders/poor posture)

53
Q

disease less common than scheuermanns and is limited to one vertebral body

A

calves

54
Q

calves disease is usually in these ages

A

2-8

55
Q

calves disease is characterized by blank that creates discrete but destructive lesions in bone

A

avascular necrosis 2 prime

56
Q

calves disease is diagnosed by blank vertebrae on x ray

A

very thin

57
Q

postural syndrome is greater in blank than blank

A

females, males

58
Q

postural syndrome is characterized by blank or blank pain

A

local, referred

59
Q

syndrome characterized by compression of neurovascular bundle as it emerges from thorax and enters upper limb

A

thoracic outlet

60
Q

space between clavicle and first rib

A

clavicular

61
Q

thoracic outlet is in the space between the blank and blank and compartmentalized by the blank

A

clavicle, first rib, scalenes

62
Q

vein entering from arm and exiting between clavicle, first rib and anterior scalenes

A

subclavian

63
Q

thoracic outlet syndrome symptoms are like blank touch or blank of arms

A

cold to touch, heaviness

64
Q

most common fracture of thoracic spine

A

compression

65
Q

less common but more serious thoracic spine injury because of instability

A

fracture dislocation

66
Q

fall from height compression fracture where ligaments are intact and spinal cord is stable but can be injured from fragments of bone

A

burst compression fracture

67
Q

surgery may be done for burst compression fracture to remove blank

A

fragments

68
Q

thoracic spine injury from high velocity injury where ligaments are torn and vertebral column is unstable

A

fracture dislocation

69
Q

these fractures heal very rapidly and almost never nonunion

A

ribs

pt clin med (15 decks)

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