Metabolic Pathways

Question 1

Starvation

Answer 1

TG hydrolysis
GNG in liver and kidneys
Ketogenesis in liver
protein degradation in skeletal muscle

Question 2

Acetyl CoA

Answer 2

can be used for FA, steroid and ketone body synthesis

can go to TCA cycle and make ATP

Question 3

Cytosolic processes

Answer 3

glycolysis, GNG, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, lipogenesis

Question 4

Mitochondrial processes

Answer 4

TCA cycle, B-oxidation, ETC, ATP synthase

Question 5

Insulin fuel source

Answer 5

glucose

Question 6

Glucagon fuel source

Answer 6

fatty acids

Question 7

Insulin in the liver

Answer 7

with too much ATP, liver stores glucose as glycogen through glycogenesis

Question 8

Glucagon in the liver

Answer 8

not enough glucose will cause liver to break down glycogen stores through glycogenolysis and secondly, making glucose through GNG

Question 9

Excess Acetyl CoA storage

Answer 9

as fatty acids or ketones

Question 10

Brain and Blood

Answer 10

can’t use fat as energy; only glucose

Question 11

Muscle

Answer 11

with lots of glucose, will store as glycogen but unable to break down this glycogen if no glucose present (will degrade proteins instead)

Question 12

Glucose substrates for GNG

Answer 12

lactate or glycerol-P

Question 13

0-24 hours starvation

Answer 13

hepatic glycogenolysis

Question 14

24-beyond

Answer 14

gluconeogenesis