metabolic processes in microbes

Question 1

2 sources of energy for metabolism
1) chemicals
2) light

Answer 1

1) chemotrophy- chemoorganotrophs and chemolithotrophs
2) phototrophy - phototrophs

Question 2

what are chemotrophy brocken down into
1) chemoorganotrophs
2) chemolithotrophs

Answer 2

1) decomposers from organic chemicals using glucose
2) primary producers using inorganic chemicals to make biomass

Question 3

2 examples of autotrophs
(primary pruducers and make their own food)

Answer 3

1) chemolithotrophs (bacteria and archaea) obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds
2) phototrophs : fresh water and soil e.g. cyanobacteria which produces and releases oxygen

Question 4

example of heterotroph: (obtains requiments from organic materials)

Answer 4

chemoorganotrophs- obtains energy from organic compounds e.g. glucose.
versitile micrrorganisms able to live in many environments e.g. salmonella and lactobacilius

Question 5

what sort of respiration does bacterial metabolism use?

Answer 5

aerobic and anaerobic respiration

Question 6

describe aerobic respiration in bacteria
-What does proton motive force make?
-what is final electron acceptor?

Answer 6

involves electron transport chain
-makes ATP
-oxygen

Question 7

describe anaerobic respiration
-what is final electron receptor
-what is lactobacilluis converted to

Answer 7

does not use electron transport chain
-nitrate and sulphate
-lactate acid

Question 8

example of lactic acid fermentation
-final product

Answer 8

sourdough
-cultures at end of lactobacciulus which metabolizes sugar creating lactic acid.
fungas produces co2
final products= co2 and yeast

Question 9

real world application of bacterial metabolism
=bioremediation
-example

Answer 9

-using bacteria to degrade and consume toxic pollutants found in oil
e.g. deepwater horizen of oil spillage

Question 10

microbrial degradation of plastics
stages
1) microbrial adherence
2) chain fragmentation (lipases/ hydrolases)
3) microbrial assimilation
4) mineralisation

example of bacteria pseudomonas spp.

Answer 10

microbes struggle to degrade plastic
1) bacteria form biofilm over plastic
2) microbes produce extracellular enzymes such as lipases and hydrolases and plastic starts to degrade
3) small oligomers cross cell membranes produce energy through catabolism
4) conversion of biomass to gas, water, salts and minerals via aerobic and anaerobic degradation

-can break down plastics due to being metabolically diverse

Question 11

how exploting pyrimethamine compound for rug development of malaria parasite
-folate pathway
-thymine

Answer 11

1) inhibits folate pathway
2) folate used to make thymine
3) folate synthesises also in mammalian host
4) folate first found to prevent malaria but not impact mammalian pathway

Question 12

why did gertude elion develop pyrimethamine

Answer 12

to combat malaria and drug also treats toxoplasmosis

Question 13

difference between autotroph and heterotroph

Answer 13

autotroph= primary producer
heterotroph= decomposers