Metabolism

Question 1

What are the metabolic pathways that build molecules from smaller subunits?

Answer 1

Anabolism

Question 2

What are the metabolic pathways that breakdown larger molecules into smaller subunits?

Answer 2

Catabolism

Question 3

__________ requires energy, ___________ releases energy. (metabolic pathways)

Answer 3

Anabolism/catabolism

Question 4

What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?

Answer 4

Base, sugar and phosphate group

Question 5

What are the high energy bonds between phosphate groups?

Answer 5

Phosphoanhydride bonds

Question 6

What is the direct form of cellular energy?

Answer 6

ATP

Question 7

What are the indirect energy forms in the cell?

Answer 7

NADH and FADH2

Question 8

What cycle do NADH and FADH2 need to go through to make ATP?

Answer 8

Electron transport chain

Question 9

Which metabolic pathway makes glucose from precursor molecules?

Answer 9

Gluconeogenesis

Question 10

Which metabolic pathway makes glycogen to store glucose?

Answer 10

Glycogenesis

Question 11

During fatty acid synthesis, what are fatty acids made from?

Answer 11

Acetyl CoA

Question 12

Which metabolic pathway adds fatty acids to a glycerol backbone to make triglyceride lipids?

Answer 12

Lipogenesis

Question 13

Which metabolic pathway makes ketone bodies from acetyl CoA?

Answer 13

Ketogenesis

Question 14

Which metabolic pathway shunts glucose into the creation of various 5-carbon sugars and NADPH

Answer 14

Pentose Phosphate Shunt

Question 15

Where does gluconeogenesis take place?

Answer 15

Mitochondria and cytosol

Question 16

Where does glycogenesis take place?

Answer 16

Cytosol

Question 17

Where does fatty acid synthesis take place?

Answer 17

Cytosol

Question 18

Where does ketogenesis take place?

Answer 18

Mitochondria

Question 19

Where does pentose phosphate shunt take place?

Answer 19

Cytosol

Question 20

Which metabolic pathway is the breakdown of glycogen to release glucose? (Glucose will then enter glycolysis to produce energy.

Answer 20

Glycogenolysis

Question 21

Which metabolic pathway is the breakdown of glucose to pyruvate to produce energy (NADH, ATP) (afterward, pyruvate can be converted to acetyl CoA to enter the CAC to produce more energy.

Answer 21

Glycolysis

Question 22

Which metabolic pathway is the breakdown of fatty acyls to acetyl CoA to produce energy (NADH, FADH2) Acetyl CoA to enter CAC to produce more energy.

Answer 22

Beta oxidation

Question 23

Which metabolic pathway is the breakdown of ketone bodies to acetyl CoA? So that Acetyl CoA can enter the CAC to produce more energy

Answer 23

Ketolysis

Question 24

Which metabolic pathway is the breakdown of citrate (made from acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate) to produce energy (NADH, FADH2, ATP)

Answer 24

Citric acid cycle

Question 25

Where does glycogenolysis take place?

Answer 25

Cytosol

Question 26

Where does glycolysis take place?

Answer 26

Cytosol

Question 27

Where does beta oxidation take place?

Answer 27

Mitochondria

Question 28

Where does ketolysis take place?

Answer 28

Mitochondria

Question 29

Where does the citric acid cycle take place?

Answer 29

Mitochondria

Question 30

Glycolysis is the conversion of glucose into 2 _________?

Answer 30

2 pyruvate

Question 31

What organ is the main site of gluconeogenesis?

Answer 31

The liver

Question 32

Which substrates are included in gluconeogenesis?

Answer 32

Glucogenic AA's Lactate Glycerol

Question 33

Breakdown of glycogen?

Answer 33

Glycogenolysis

Question 34

Where is glycogen broken down?

Answer 34

Liver AND muscles

Question 35

Which 2 forms of energy input are used in glycogenesis?

Answer 35

ATP and UTP

Question 36

What are the 2 purposes of the pentose phosphate shunt?

Answer 36

1.) Production of NADPH (used in the synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol and the detoxification of reactive oxygen species) 2.) It produces ribose-5-phosphate, a precursor for nucleotide synthesis, which is necessary for DNA and RNA production **It can feed sugars back into glycolysis if needed **

Question 37

Which take up less space, glycogen or triglycerides?

Answer 37

Triglycerides

Question 38

Which tissues can ketone bodies be used by when needed?

Answer 38

Cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, brain

Question 39

During the breakdown of ketone bodies (ketolysis), what is released?

Answer 39

acetyl CoA

Question 40

Any cycle that can lead to the production of ________________ can feed into CAC to make more energy.

Answer 40

Acetyl CoA

Question 41

What 3 catabolic pathways can feed into CAC?

Answer 41

1.) glycolysis 2.) beta-oxidation of FAs 3.) Amino acid catabolism

Question 42

Where does the electron transport chain take place?

Answer 42

Inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 43

From what energy source does the ETC take electrons from?

Answer 43

NADH and FADH2

Question 44

During the ETC, electrons are eventually donated to oxygen to make ______?

Answer 44

H20

Question 45

During ETC, what is used to drive the production of ATP?

Answer 45

An H+ gradient, created from electron movement used to pump H+ into the intermembrane space.

Question 46

Which enzyme is used in ETC to move H+ out of the intermembrane space.

Answer 46

ATP synthase, which makes ATP.