Metabolism Ch 6

Question 1

Anabolism vs Catabolism

Answer 1

Anabolism-biosynthetic process/assembly of subunits of a macromolecule *use ATP to drive reactions
Catabolism-process that degrades compounds to release energy *captures to make ATP

Question 2

Enzymes

Answer 2

Catalysts that speed up reaction without heat (slows down activation energy)

Question 3

ATP

Answer 3

composed of ribose, adenine, 3 phosphate groups (most common form of energy)

Question 4

Exergonic

Answer 4

adds power to endogenic, reactants have more free energy (energy is released in reaction)

Question 5

Endergonic

Answer 5

products have more free energy, (reaction requires input of energy)

Question 6

3 Processes to generate ATP

Answer 6

Substrate level phosphorylation, Oxidative phosphorylation, and Photophosphorylation.

Question 7

Substrate level phosphorylation

Answer 7

Exergonic reaction powers

Question 8

Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 8

proton motive force drives

Question 9

Photophosphorylation

Answer 9

sunlight used to create proton motive force to drive

Question 10

Role of Chemical source and Terminal Electron Acceptor (TEA)

Answer 10

More energy is released when difference in electronegativity is greater, Electron donor:energy source
Acceptor: Terminal electron acceptor (TEA)

Question 11

3 Difference central metabolic pathways (CATABOLISM)

Answer 11

Glycolysis, Pentose phosphate pathway, Tricarboxylic acid cycle

Question 12

Glycolysis (catabolism)

Answer 12

splits glucose (6c) to 2 pyruvates (3c), generates modests atp, reducing power, precursors

Question 13

Pentose phosphate pathway (Catabolism)

Answer 13

primary role is production precursor metabolites, NADPH

Question 14

Tricarboxylic acid cycle (CATABOLISM

Answer 14

oxidizes pyruvates from glycolysis, generates reducing power, precursor metabolites, ATP

Question 15

Respiration vs Fermentation

Answer 15

Resp-transfers electrons from glucose to electron transport chain (ETC), ETC makes proton motive force,
Ferm- uses pyruvates or derivative as terminal electron acceptor (TEA) to regenerate NAD+, if cells cannot respire, will run out of carriers available to accept electrons and glycolysis will stop

Question 16

Two types of Respiration Catabolism

Answer 16

Aerobic-02 is TEA

Anaerobic-anything other than O2 is TEA, also uses modified versions of TCA

Question 17

Aerobic ATP Generated

Answer 17

Substrate level phos-
2 in glycolysis (net), 2 in TCA cycle=4
Oxidative Phos- 34
total-38

TEA-02
Uses ETC-Yes

Question 18

Fermentation ATP Generated

Answer 18

Substrate Phos-2 in glycolysis=ONLY 2
Oxidative Phos-0
TOTAL=2
Uses ETC-No

TEA-organic molecules, pyruvate or derivative

Question 19

Anaerobic

Answer 19

Uses ETC-YES

TEA-Anything other than 02, (So

Question 20

Coenzymes(cofactors)

Answer 20

assist different enzymes, include magnesium, zinc, copper, help bind to substrates
*Are organic cofactors, include electron carriers FAD,NAD+,NADP+

Question 21

Allosteric Regulation

Answer 21

enzyme activity is controlled by binding to allosteric site, which distorts enzyme shape, prevents the binding of substrates, regulatory is end products

Question 22

Enzyme Inhibition

Answer 22

Site to which inhibitor binds determines type,
1.Competitive Inhibitor
Non-competitive inhibitor

Question 23

Competitive Inhibitor

Answer 23

binds to active site of enzyme, chemical structure is similar to substrate which blocks the substrate resulting in halt of production

Question 24

Non-Competitive Inhibitor

Answer 24

binds to different site, allosteric inhibitors are example, action is reversible, but some are not
Enzymes changes shape, becomes nonfunctional