metal ores Flashcards
(22 cards)
What are ores and where they found?
minerals found in the earths crust that have metal compounds so metals can be extracted
Which elements in the reactivity series are extracted by electrolysis and reduced using carbon
metals higher than carbon use electrolysis, which is expensive - K, Na, Ca, Mg, Al
Metals below carbon is extracted by reduction as carbon can only take the oxygen away from metals which are less reactive than itself - C, Zn, Fe, Sn, H, Cu, Ag
in displacement reactions does the more reactive or less reactive metal lose or gain electron?
The more reactive metal loses electrons and the less reactive metal gains electrons so the more reactive is oxidised and the less reactive is reduced
what are two examples of native metals
Gold and silver
What is a competition reaction?
If you heat a reactive metal with a less reactive metal oxide, the more reactive metal will remove oxygen from it
which plastic would you choose for different applications?
polyethene - plastic bags/bottles
polypropene - ropes
polyvinyl chloride (VC) - window sills/drainage pipes
polytetrafluroethene (TFC)- nonstick pans
What is fermentation and what are the ideal conditions?
using an enzyme in yeast to convert sugars into ethanol and carbon dioxide
37° and slightly acidic solution and anaerobic conditions
what is the reagent used to identify copper ions in a solution and what is the observation?
sodium hydroxide
Blue precipitate
What else can ethanol produced by fermentation be used for?
Can be distilled to make spirits like vodka
what is the equation for making carboxylic acids from alcohols?
C2H5OH + O2 —->
CH3OOH + H2O
ethanol and oxygen makes ethnic acid and water
Equation for fermentation
C6H12O6 —> 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
glucose ethanol co2
why might some alcohols taste off after being left in exposed to the air for a few days?
Due to microbial oxidation of alcohols
What is bioethanol and its benefits and drawbacks?
biofuel from fermentation of plants like sugar cane
cheaper, rewnewable, faster
only grows during special weather, food shortages and emits co2 as it needs to be transported
how to test if a liquid contains alcohol and how are they used in other models?
had a few drops of the liquid into potassium dichromate solution in sulphuric acid
If it turns green, it has alcohol if it remains orange it doesn’t
Other models like breathalysers are used to see if the driver is over drink-driving limits
What ammonium saltss are made from ammonia solution and acids and what is the reaction called?
Ammonia nitrates
Ammonia sulphate
Neutralisation reaction
What is the dehydration of hydrated copper sulphate?
when concentrated sulphuric acid is added to hydrated copper sulphate crystals and water of crystallisation is remove
Blue hydrated crystals turn into white anhydrous copper sulphate powder
what colours are compounds and solutions containing iron? II and III and copper II
pale green
brown
blue
What is the dehydration of sugars?
when concentrated sulphuric acid is mixed with a sugar which turns yellow then brown
This removes the elements of water forming water
Solid carbon is left behind which tends the solution black
which dilute the sulphuric acid and boils the water the steam produced causes the carbons arise out the beaker
What is the catalyst used in the contact process?
vanadium pentoxide catalyst
What are the conditions in both the Haber process and contact process?
High temperature 450 high-pressure 200 catalyst
High temperature 450
Low pressure
Vanadium pentoxide catalyst
In additional polymers, what does propane become after pressure and catalyst?
Poly propane
When does cracking what does octane and ethane make?
Petrol and plastics
