Metallic Structures Flashcards
1
Q
When a piece of sheet metal is pulled from each end, the resulting force is
A
tension
2
Q
The measure of strength of a metal to resist overall deformation
A
yield strength
3
Q
The metal’s ability to resist being pulled apart is called it’s:
A
tensile strength
4
Q
The ability of a metal to resist any crushing or excessive compression is called the metal’s:
A
bearing strength
5
Q
The ability for a metal’s surface to resist cutting, abrasion or penetration is called:
A
hardness
6
Q
The material’s ability to be bent, formed or shaped is called:
A
malleability
7
Q
The ability of metal to be drawn into wire stock extrusions, or rods is called the metal’s:
A
ductility
8
Q
The material’s tendency to break or shatter when exposed to shock
A
brittleness
9
Q
The property which enables a metal to carry heat or electricity
A
conductivity
10
Q
The property of metal to expand when heated and shrink when cooled, at a predictable and specific temperature
A
Coefficient of expansion
11
Q
The point at which a metal does not return to it’s original shape after a deforming force is removed
A
Elastic limit
12
Q
A material’s ability to resist tearing or breaking when it is bent or stretched
A
toughness
13
Q
The ability of a metal to be joined by heating and melting
A
Fusibility
14
Q
A material’s mass per unit volume
A
Density
15
Q
Objects formed by physically working the metal into shape
A
Wrought
16
Q
Objects formed by pouring molten metal into molds
A
Cast
17
Q
The process of forming metal at an elevated temperature when it is in its annealed state
A
Hot-working
18
Q
After hot-working an ingot , the process that must be undertaken to finish it and the reason why
A
Quenching , since the surface is solid but the core may still be molten
19
Q
Cold working a metal primarily increases a meta’ls_____
A
strength
20
Q
Cold working decreases a metal’s_____
A
ductility
21
Q
The 4 common Non-ferrous metals used in aircraft repair
A
- Aluminium
- Titanium
- Magnesium
- Copper
22
Q
Aluminum Alloying Agent 1xxx
A
Aluminium
23
Q
Aluminum Alloying Agent 2xxx
A
Copper
24
Q
Aluminum Alloying Agent 3xxx
A
Manganese
25
Aluminum Alloying Agent 4xxx
Silicon
26
Aluminum Alloying Agent 5xxx
Magnesium
27
Aluminum Alloying Agent 6xxx
Silicon + Magnesium
28
Aluminum Alloying Agent 7xxx
Zinc
29
Second digit in the 4 digit Aluminium identification code represents
Modification done to the metal
30
Third and fourth digits in the 4 digit Aluminium identification code represents
Percentage of other alloys
31
The type of aluminum that most aircraft surfaces are made from
Alclad
32
The composition of Alclad
Core is aluminium alloy, outer surface is pure aluminium
33
The thickness (in percent) of pure aluminium coating on Alclad sheet metal
5% the thickness of the aluminium alloy sheet
34
The technical term for Alclad
Clad aluminium
35
Clad aluminium is used to increase the ______ ______ of an aluminium alloy
corrosion resistance
36
The process of heating aluminium alloys to allow the alloying element to mix with the base metal is called
Solution heat treatment
37
Cooling the ingot in a bath is called
Quenching
38
The term for allowing the alloy to cool at room temperature
Natural Aging
39
The term for the Lengthening or shortening the aging time to develop hardness and strength
Artificial Aging
40
The term for Cracking in the metal caused by improper cooling
Thermal shock
41
What the process of Annealing does to a metal's structure
relieves internal stress
42
Heat Treatment Identification: T2
Annealed
43
Heat Treatment Identification: T
Solution heat treated
44
Heat Treatment Identification: T5
Artificial (artificailaized)
45
Heat Treatment Identification: T3
Solution heat treated + strain hardened
46
Heat Treatment Identification: T4
Solution heat treated + natural aging
47
Heat Treatment Identification: T6
Solution heat treated + artificial aging
48
Another term for Strain hardening
Another term for Cold working
49
The 3 methods of strain hardening
1. Rolling
2. Drawing
3. Pressing
50
Another term for hardness
Another term for temper
51
Basic Temper Designation: F
As fabricated
52
Basic Temper Designation: O
Annealed
53
Basic Temper Designation: H
Strain hardened
54
Basic Temper Designation: H1
Strain hardened only
55
Basic Temper Designation: H2
Strain hardened + partially annealed
56
Basic Temper Designation: H3
Strain hardened + stabilized
57
Basic Temper Designation: Hx2
Quarter hard
58
Basic Temper Designation: Hx4
Half hard
59
Basic Temper Designation: Hx6
Three quarter hard
60
Basic Temper Designation: Hx8
Full hard
61
Basic Temper Designation: Hx9
Extra hard
62
3Drawbacks of magnesium
1. Highly susceptible to corrosion
2. Insufficient strength
3. Burns readily in powder form
63
Another term for Precipitation heat treatment
Another term for artificial aging
64
The proper way to extinguish a magnesium fire
Dry chemical, smother and remove heat from the surface
65
The chemical that should never be used on a magnesium fire
water
66
3 classifications of titanium alloys
1. Alpha alloys
2. Alpha-Beta alloys
3. Beta alloys
67
The Standard identification number for Alpha titanium
Ti-8-1-1
68
The titanium alloy that can not be used for welding
Alpha-beta alloy
69
The most versatile of the titanium alloys
Alpha-beta alloys
70
The 2 alloys of nickel
1. Monel
| 2 Inconel
71
Monel can be found in which system on a piston engine
Exhaust
72
Monel is composed ______ and ______
1. Nickel
| 2. copper
73
Inconnel is composed of _____ and _____
1. Nickel
| 2. Chromium
74
Inconnel and stainless steel are similar in appearance. The test used to differntiate between the two is to
Apply drop of hydro-chloric acid and cupric chloride and let it sit for 2 minutes.
Shinny spot indicates inconnel
75
First digit in the 4 digit SAE Steel identification code represents
Principle alloying agent
76
Second digit in the 4 digit SAE Steel identification code represents
Percentage of alloying agent
77
Last two digits in the 4 digit SAE Steel identification code represent
Percentage of carbon added
78
When carbon is mixed with iron, particular compounds are formed called (2 different names for them)
Cementites or carbides
79
The 3 grades of steel
1. Low carbon
2. Medium carbon
3. High carbon
80
The most common SAE steel used in aviation
4130, Chromoly Steel
81
The compound in steel that actually allows the steel to be heat treated
Carbides or cementites
82
SAE Steel Alloying Agent 1xxx
Plain steel (carbon)
83
SAE Steel Alloying Agent 2xxx
Nickel
84
SAE Steel Alloying Agent 3xxx
Nickel + Chromium
85
SAE Steel Alloying Agent 4xxx
Molybdenum
86
SAE Steel Alloying Agent 5xxx
Chromium
87
The term which means that a metal can exist in more than one kind of lattice (granular structure)
allotropic
88
Definition of The critical temperature of a metal
Temperature at which it's possible to separate the metal into two different phases (liquid and vapor)
89
The process of heating steel to a temperature just below it's critical temperature, holding it there until it is heat soaked
Tempering
90
Reducing the brittleness and internal stress of steel and increasing its toughness is done by
Steel tempering
91
The 2 methods of case hardening steel
1. Carburizing
| 2. Nitriding
92
The steels that are best suited for case-hardening
Low carbon, low alloy
93
Carburizing forms a thin layer of __________ on the exterior of ________
high carbon steel, low carbon steel
94
The 3 methods of steel carburizing
1. Pack carburizing
2. Liquid Carburzing
3. Gas Carburzing
95
Process of pack carburizing
Packing coal into an enclosed case containing the low carbon steel and allowing the carbon from the coal to fuse with the external skin of the piece
96
The gas used in gas carburizing of steel
carbon monoxide
97
The liquid used in gas carburizing of steel
sodium cyanide
98
The process of nitriding steel
NH3 placed into the furnace with the steel, the amonia breaks down and the nitrogen bonds to the skin of the metal
99
The 3 phases of Annealing
1. Recovery
2. Re-Crystallization
3. Grain growth
100
In annealing, the re-crystallization phase
new grains grow to replace the deformed grains due to internal stress
101
The stress in FERROUS metals caused by welding, forging or machining can be relieved by the processes of
Normalizing
102
Normalizing is most important after _____ of metal
welding
103
The process of heating a FERROUS metal to above its critical temperature and cooling it in still air
Normalizing
104
The catagroy of steel that cannot undergo hardening heat treatment and the reason
low carbon steel, lack of carbides
105
The Rockwell hardness tester measures the
hardness by the depth of the impression on the sample piece (Well has depth to it)
106
The Bernell hardness tester measures the
hardness via the diameter of the impression on the sample
107
The 2 methods of measuring hardness for steel
1. Brinell test
| 2. Rockwell test
108
The 3 classes of stainless steel:
1. Austenistic
2. Ferritic
3. Martensitic
109
18-8 steel is also known as ________ and is made of %___ and %_____
CRES, 18% chromium, 8% nickel
110
Repair of a puncture of aluminum faced honeycomb is repaired with
Doubler plate
111
Where constantan is used and what it is
Used for thermocouples in CHT indicating system, Nickel alloy
112
Definition of Strain hardening
Heat metal at a low temperature after cold working it to increase its strength
113
After a piece of aluminium has been solution heat-treated, it is held at a specified temperature for a period of time. This is termed
Precipitation heat treatment
