metals, acids and titrations

Question 1

where do metals come from

Answer 1

ores

Question 2

what is an ore

Answer 2

a naturally occurring rock containing enough metal compound (usually metal oxides) to economically extract the metal

Question 3

reactivity series acronym

Answer 3

people - potassium
should - sodium
consider - calcium
making - magnesium
a - aluminium
cool - carbon
zoo - zinc
in - iron
London - lead
called - copper
sparkly - silver
giraffe - gold

Question 4

which metals react with water or dilute acids

Answer 4

everything above copper in the reactivity series

Question 5

what is oxidation

Answer 5

addition of oxygen to a compound and loss of electrons

Question 6

what is reduction

Answer 6

removal of oxygen to a compound and the gain of electrons

Question 7

how do metals react with water

Answer 7

• fizzing
• hydrogen gas produced
• potassium = lilac flame

Question 8

metal + acid

Answer 8

= salt + hydrogen

Question 9

acid + base

Answer 9

= salt + water (+co2 if carbonate)

Question 10

what is displacement

Answer 10

when a more reactive metal replaces a less reactive metal

Question 11

what are ionic equations

Answer 11

equation that shows only ions or atoms that change in a chemical reaction
- Fe + Cu^2+ = Fe^2+ + Cu

Question 12

what are half-equations

Answer 12

an equation that describes reduction or oxidation (loss or gain of electrons)
- Fe = Fe^2+ +2e
- Cu^2+ + 2e- = Cu

Question 13

what is extraction

Answer 13

a method removing metals from ores (reduction of oxide by carbon)
- only used for metals below carbon

Question 14

what is a native

Answer 14

a metal found on it own, does not need to be extracted
- gold and silver occur native

Question 15

what is electrolysis

Answer 15

a method of removing metals from ores (reduction of oxide by hydrogen)
- only used for metals above carbon

Question 16

what are the 3 factors of extraction

Answer 16

1. how easy it is to extract
2. concentration of metal inside
3. demand of the metal

Question 17

how is salt formed

Answer 17

when the hydrogen in an acid is completely or partially replaced by a metal or ammonium ions

Question 18

why are alkali metals never used to react with acids

Answer 18

alkali metals are very reactive and would react with acid too violently to be carried out safely

Question 19

what is the method for making pure dry crystals

Answer 19

1. place some acid in a beaker and warm using a water bath or Bunsen burner
2. add a spatula metal to the acid and stir with a glass rod, continue until metal is in excess
3. filter the mixture to remove the excess metal
4. pour the filtrate into an evaporating basin and heat until point of crystallisation
5. leave left over solution to dry on its own
6. once crystals are formed pat dry with filter paper

Question 20

what are weak acids

Answer 20

• they partially ionise in aqueous solutions
• have low concentration of H+ ions in solutions

Question 21

what are strong acids

Answer 21

• they completely ionise in aqueous solutions
• have high concentration of H+ ions in solutions

Question 22

what is a precipitate

Answer 22

an insoluble solid formed by a reaction taking place in a solution

Question 23

what is an end point

Answer 23

the point where the acid an alkali have reacted completely without having either of them in excess. point of neutralisation