Metazoa

Question 1

Metazoa

Answer 1

Animals

Question 2

Characteristic of Metazoa all metazoans

Answer 2

Multi-cellularity

Eat food

Question 3

Define: Polytomy

Answer 3

Multiple branches from 1 ancestor species

Question 4

What do thick lines represent on a phylogeny

Answer 4

A fossil record

Question 5

Define: Lysotroph

Answer 5

Food is broken down outside of body and absorbed. (Human digestion is considered out side of body)

Question 6

Define: Phagotroph

Answer 6

digestion inside of body

Question 7

Define: Analogous

Answer 7

Traits not inherited from common ancestor but evolved separately.

Question 8

Characteristics of most metazoans

Answer 8

Sexual life cycle = diploid
Differentiated tissues
Gastrulation of embryo

Question 9

T/F multicellularity evolved independently

Answer 9

True

Question 10

What is the origin of multicellularity

Answer 10

Colonies

Question 11

What is the closest single cell relative of Metazoans

Answer 11

Choanoflagellates

Question 12

What is distinct about choanoflagellates

Answer 12

Sperm shaped w. similar flagella

Question 13

T/F the common ancestor of Fungi and metazoans was unicellular

Answer 13

True

Question 14

What are important genes for multicellularity

Answer 14

Cell signaling
Adhesion
Gene regulation
ECM - Makes proteins for tissues

Question 15

What organism is similar to the the cell found on the posterior of a sponge

Answer 15

Choanoflagellates

Question 16

What defines Cambrian Explosion

Answer 16

Explosion of speciation

Question 17

What are important structures for organisms in the Cambrian explosion

Answer 17

Locomotion
Shells
Teeth

Question 18

When did the first animals appear

Answer 18

during the Ediacarian period.

Question 19

What features are used to classify animals?

Answer 19

Symmetry
True tissue
body cavity
Development - Gastrulation

Question 20

What developed first?

Multicellularity or Adhesion and cell signaling

Answer 20

Adhesion and cell signaling

Question 21

What is the haploid stage in humans

Answer 21

Sperm or egg

Question 22

What defines bilateral symmetry

Answer 22

One axis of symmetry

Question 23

What defines radial symetry

Answer 23

Multiple lines of symetry

Question 24

What classifies a true tissue

Answer 24

Specialized and separated by a membrane

Question 25

Which animal does not have true tissue

Answer 25

Sponges

Question 26

What are the types of tissue

Answer 26

Connective Epithelial (skin - organ covering) muscle nervous

Question 27

4 Ways to identify body plan

Answer 27

Type of Symmetry True tissue Body cavity and formation Development

Question 28

Why aren't simmilar body plans always resembled in clades

Answer 28

Because of molecular data in phylogenetics

Question 29

Define Diploblastic

Answer 29

ectoderm | endoderm

Question 30

Define triploblastic

Answer 30

Ectoderm endoderm mesoderm

Question 31

Define a body cavity

Answer 31

space between organs

Question 32

What is a true body cavity

Answer 32

Coelom

Question 33

What is a puesdocoelom

Answer 33

a body cavity derived from mesoderm and endoderm

Question 34

What is the difference between coelom and puesdocoelom

Answer 34

Mesoderm is the only thing that touches the coelom in a a true body cavity. A puesdocoelom has endoderm and mesoderm touching the cavity.

Question 35

What is gastrulation

Answer 35

Early embrionic development | Forming a tube from a sphere

Question 36

What are two distinct types of gastrulation

Answer 36

Radial Cleavage | Spiral Cleavage

Question 37

T/F Cells in spiral cleavage can separate and form other organisms

Answer 37

False | Cells cannot separate in spiral cleavage

Question 38

When can cells totally differentiate?

Answer 38

Before the 8 cell stage

Question 39

What do the cells differentiate to in the 8 cell stage

Answer 39

Endoderm mesoderm ectoderm

Question 40

What forms first in protostomes

Answer 40

Mouth

Question 41

What forms first in deuterostomes

Answer 41

Anus

Question 42

T/F humans are dueterosomes

Answer 42

True

Question 43

What does it mean that sponges are Basal animals

Answer 43

They are at the "base" ancient animals Not basic

Question 44

What is a major clade for most animals

Answer 44

Bilaterians

Question 45

T/F dueterstomia is a major clade for choradtes and other animals

Answer 45

True

Question 46

Define: Hox Genes

Answer 46

Genes that regulate body formation

Question 47

How do hox genes affect growth.

Answer 47

Through inhibiting transcription.