MGMT 310 EXAM 4

Question 1

When someone works less hard because they are in a team setting is called ___ ___

Answer 1

social loafing

Question 2

team cohesiveness always leads to high performance TF

Answer 2

F

Question 3

___ ___ ___ have social and political awareness of the team and build trust and take care of them

Answer 3

superior team leaders

Question 4

a subordinate goal is a high level goal that takes priority over specific individual or group goals TF

Answer 4

T

Question 5

shared beliefs about how people should think and behave in a group or team is called ___

Answer 5

norms

Question 6

___ - A small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, a set of performance goals, and an approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable

Answer 6

team

Question 7

___ - A collection of people who interact to undertake a task but do not necessarily perform as a unit or achieve significant performance improvements

Answer 7

group

Question 8

___ ___ - Teams that are physically dispersed and communicate electronically more than face-to-face

Answer 8

virtual teams

Question 9

___ ___ - Teams with the responsibilities of autonomous work groups, plus control over hiring, firing, and deciding what tasks members perform. Has the highest level of autonomy

Answer 9

Self-designing teams

Question 10

Stages of Team Development

Answer 10

forming, storming, norming, and performing

Question 11

___ - group members lay the ground rules for what types of behavior are acceptable

Answer 11

forming

Question 12

___ - group members agree on their shared goals, and norms and closer relationships develop

Answer 12

norming

Question 13

___ - the group channels its energies into performing its tasks

Answer 13

performing

Question 14

___ - hostility and conflict arise and people jockey for positions of power and status

Answer 14

storming

Question 15

what type of leaderships is it?
-direct people
-explain decisions
-train individuals
-manage one-on-one
-contain conflict
-react to change

Answer 15

supervisory leadership

Question 16

what type of leaderships it?
-build trust and inspire teamwork
-facilitate and support team decisions
-expand team capabilities
-create a team identity
-leverage team differences
-anticipate and influence change

Answer 16

team leadership

Question 17

Team effectiveness is defined by three criteria

Answer 17

-Productive output of the team meets or exceeds standards of quantity and quality.
-Team members realize satisfaction of their personal needs.
-Team members remain committed to working together again

Question 18

___ ___ - Working less hard and being less productive when in a group

Answer 18

Social loafing

Question 19

___ ___ ___ - Working harder when in a group than when working alone
Teamwork is motivated by tying rewards to team performance
-Only effective when people are truly interdependent
-If team member rewards are different, then team members should decide them

Answer 19

Social facilitation effect

Question 20

___ - Shared beliefs about how people should think and behave

Answer 20

Norms

Question 21

___ refers to how attractive the team is to its members, how motivated members are to remain in the team, and the degree to which team members influence one another

Answer 21

Cohesiveness

Question 22

Cohesiveness is important because 2 things

Answer 22

-It contributes to member satisfaction
-It has a major impact on performance

Question 23

_-type conflict – problems and issues related to differences of opinion. Usually good.

Answer 23

C-type conflict (c for cognitive)

Question 24

_-type conflict – disagreements due to individual or personal issues. Usually bad.

Answer 24

A-type conflict (a for affective)

Question 25

___ ___ - Higher-level goals taking priority over specific individual or group goals

Answer 25

Superordinate goals

Question 26

___-___ ___ is a process in which information flows in only one direction—from the sender to the receiver, with no feedback loop

Answer 26

One-way communication

Question 27

___-___ ___ is a process in which information flows in two directions: receiver provides feedback, and sender is receptive to the feedback

Answer 27

Two-way communication

Question 28

___: The communication process begins when the source or sender selects words, symbols, pictures and the like, to represent the message that will be delivered to the receiver(s).

Answer 28

Encoding

Question 29

___: translating the message from its sign format into meaning. It means converting a message into thoughts by translating the received stimuli into an interpreted meaning in order to understand the message communicated.

Answer 29

Decoding

Question 30

___: interference in the system that blocks perfect understanding. It could be anything that interferes with accurate communication: ringing telephones, thoughts about other things, or simple fatigue or stress

Answer 30

Noise

Question 31

___ is the process of receiving and interpreting information

Answer 31

Perception

Question 32

___ is the process of withholding, ignoring, or distorting information

Answer 32

Filtering

Question 33

___ ___ ___ – some types of media work better for certain tasks than others

Answer 33

Media richness theory

Question 34

___ is special words or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group and are difficult for others to understand

Answer 34

jargon

Question 35

___: Movements of the body and face

Answer 35

Kinesics

Question 36

___: Pitch, rate, tone, volume, and speaking pattern of one’s voice

Answer 36

Paralanguage

Question 37

Use ___ to improve ___

Answer 37

reflection, listening,

Question 38

___ is a process by which a person states what he or she believes the other person is saying

Answer 38

Reflection

Question 39

___ ___: Information that flows from higher to lower levels in the organization’s hierarchy

Answer 39

Downward communication

Question 40

___ ___: Information that flows from lower to higher levels in the organization’s hierarchy

Answer 40

Upward communication

Question 41

___ ___: Information shared among people on the same hierarchical level

Answer 41

Horizontal communication

Question 42

what is management by walking around? ___ ___

Answer 42

Upward Communication

Question 43

what is the grapevine? ___ ___ -The social network of informal communications -Provides people with information -Helps them solve problems -Teaches them how to do their work successfully

Answer 43

informal communication

Question 44

An organization in which there are no barriers to information flow is called ___ ___

Answer 44

Boundaryless Organization

Question 45

___ ___ : The use of rules, regulations, and authority to guide performance -Great with remote work

Answer 45

Bureaucratic control

Question 46

___ ___ : Control based on the use of pricing mechanisms and economic information to regulate activities within organizations -Looking outside an seeing what’s going on

Answer 46

Market control

Question 47

___ ___ : Control based on the norms, values, shared goals, and trust among group members -Doesn’t assume interest of org and individuals will divulge

Answer 47

Clan control

Question 48

The Control Process Four Major Steps:

Answer 48

1. Set performance standards 2. Measure performance 3. Compare & determine 4. Take action

Question 49

___ ___ a standard is the level of expected performance for a goal

Answer 49

Performance Standard

Question 50

___ ___ ___: A managerial principle stating that control is enhanced by concentrating on the exceptions to or significant deviations from the expected result or standard

Answer 50

Principle of exception

Question 51

___ ___ is a mechanism for monitoring performance inputs rather than outputs to prevent or minimize performance deficiencies before they occur

Answer 51

feedforward control

Question 52

a process that managers can use to evaluate how effectively their teams meet the stated goals at the end of a production process is called ___ ___

Answer 52

feedback control

Question 53

The process of monitoring and adjusting ongoing activities and processes is called ___ ___

Answer 53

concurrent control

Question 54

___ ___ : An evaluation of the effectiveness and efficiency of various systems within an organization

Answer 54

Management Audits

Question 55

___ audit 1. Investigates other organizations for possible merger or acquisition. 2. Determines the soundness of a company that will be used as a major supplier. 3. Discovers the strengths and weaknesses of a competitor to maintain or better exploit competitive advantage

Answer 55

External

Question 56

___ audit 1. Assesses what the company has done for itself 2. What it has done for its customers or other recipients of its goods or services

Answer 56

Internal

Question 57

___ ___ : The process of investigating what is being done and comparing the results with the corresponding budget data to verify accomplishments or remedy differences

Answer 57

Budgetary Control

Question 58

Rigid bureaucratic behavior and tactical behavior are considered to be ___ ___ ___ ___

Answer 58

downsides to bureaucratic control

Question 59

1. Increases accuracy of performance data and makes employees more accountable (uncovers mistakes and threatens people’s job security) 2. Control systems can change expertise and power structures 3. Control systems can change an organization’s social structure 4. Control systems may be seen as an invasion of privacy, lead to lawsuits, and cause low morale

Answer 59

reasons that people have resistance to control

Question 60

___ ___ - Control system combining four sets of performance measures: 1. Financial 2. Customer 3. Business process 4. Learning and growth

Answer 60

Balanced Scorecard

Question 61

Market controls involve the use of economic forces—and the pricing mechanisms that accompany them—to regulate performance TF

Answer 61

T

Question 62

market control can be enacted through prices TF

Answer 62

T

Question 63

Bureaucratic control and market mechanisms don’t always work because: 3

Answer 63

1. Employee’s jobs have changed 2. The nature of management has changed 3. The employment relationship has changed

Question 64

___ the methods, processes, systems, and skills used to transform resources into products OR The commercialization of science: the systematic application of scientific knowledge to a new product, process, or service

Answer 64

technology

Question 65

___ is a change in method or technology– a positive, useful departure from previous ways of doing things

Answer 65

innovation

Question 66

___ ___ is implementing a new or improved production or delivery method

Answer 66

process innovation

Question 67

___ ___ refers to the creation and introduction of a good or service that is new to the market or an improved version of a previous product

Answer 67

product/service innovation

Question 68

___ ___ converge together to create new technologies

Answer 68

critical forces

Question 69

how is benchmarking and environmental scanning ___ methods of deciding to ___ ___ ___

Answer 69

external, adopt new technology

Question 70

how is ___ and ___ ___ external methods of deciding to adopt new technology

Answer 70

benchmarking, environmental scanning

Question 71

A process by which a product, service, or business model takes root initially in simple applications at the bottom of a market and then moves “up market,” eventually displacing established competitors is called ___ ___

Answer 71

disruptive innovation

Question 72

what's the difference between prospectors, defenders, and analyzers

Answer 72

The analyzer is in between the defender and prospector. They take less risk and make less mistakes than a prospector, but are less committed to stability than defenders. Most firms are analyzers. They are seldom a first mover in an industry, but are often second or third place entrants

Question 73

The question an organization asks itself about whether to acquire new technology from an outside source or develop it itself is called ___ ___ ___ ___

Answer 73

make-or-buy decision with technology

Question 74

A person who promotes the idea throughout the organization, searching for support and acceptance is called ___ ___

Answer 74

product champions

Question 75

An executive who has the status, authority, and financial resources to support the project and protect the product champion is called ___ ___

Answer 75

executive champions

Question 76

bureaucracy can squelch innovation TF

Answer 76

T

Question 77

how does job design and HR make innovation possible? 4 things

Answer 77

-Challenging work (it creates flow) -Supervisory and work group encouragement -Freedom -Lack of organizational impediments

Question 78

individual creativity is a natural gift TF

Answer 78

F

Question 79

Individual creativity can be developed and improved, but it's not something you're born with TF

Answer 79

T

Question 80

___ ___is a systemwide application of behavioral science knowledge to develop, improve, and reinforce the strategies, structures, and processes that lead to organization effectiveness

Answer 80

organizational development

Question 81

what reasons do people resist change for timing and surprise

Answer 81

timing- the employee might have something else going on at the moment and it's too much or overwhelming. surprise- fear of the unknown is common

Question 82

three stage model of change

Answer 82

unfreezing, moving, refreezing

Question 83

breaking away from the old way of doing things is called ___

Answer 83

unfreezing

Question 84

instituting the change is called ___

Answer 84

moving

Question 85

reinforcing and supporting the new ways

Answer 85

refreezing

Question 86

what does it mean when you use covert tactics to overcome resistance to change?

Answer 86

deliberate resistance to change, but done in a manner that allows the perpetrators to appear as if they are not resisting

Question 87

2 concepts for managers to lead change

Answer 87

-creating a guiding coalition -generating short-term wins

Question 88

___ ___is change initiated in an organization because it is made necessary by outside forces

Answer 88

reactive change

Question 89

___ ___ is change that is initiated by an organization because it is desirable to do so.

Answer 89

proactive change

Question 90

Business as usual concentrates only on serving ___ ___.

Answer 90

articulated needs

Question 91

Leaders who recreate the game are constantly trying to create new opportunities to satisfy ___ ___.

Answer 91

unarticulated needs