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Hannah Brotherton > sociology 201-001 with Jamie Boydstun test 2 > Flashcards

sociology 201-001 with Jamie Boydstun test 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

define Socialization

A

the process of learning and internalizing the values, beliefs, and norms of our social group

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2
Q

the process of learning and internalizing the values, beliefs, and norms of our social group

A

socialization definition

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3
Q

define The self

A

a distinct identity that sets us apart from others

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4
Q

a distinct identity that sets us apart from others

A

The self definition

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5
Q

define Looking-glass self

A

a self-image based on how we think others see us
-Charles Horton Cooley

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6
Q

a self-image based on how we think others see us
-Charles Horton Cooley

A

Looking-glass self definition

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7
Q

Stages of the Self

A
  1. Preparatory mimic gestures and words
  2. Play-pretend or play the role of a particular other
  3. Game-organized games and take on several roles
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8
Q

define generalized other

A

perspectives and expectations of society that a child learns and uses to shape their own behavior
-George Herbert Mead

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9
Q

perspectives and expectations of society that a child learns and uses to shape their own behavior
-George Herbert Mead

A

generalized other

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10
Q

define impression management

A

efforts to create specific impressions in the minds of others
-Erving Goffman
-presenting ourselves in a favorable way (dress nicely, actively listen, engage in the conversation, act like you’re interested,smiling, eye contact, etc.)

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11
Q

efforts to create specific impressions in the minds of others
-Erving Goffman
-presenting ourselves in a favorable way (dress nicely, actively listen, engage in the conversation, act like you’re interested,smiling, eye contact, etc.)

A

impression management

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12
Q

define Dramaturgy

A

the study of social interaction in terms of theatrical performance
~this is what actors do, it could be in a play or a tv show, but those real-life people are portraying a character, so they must understand how the character thinks to be able to play that character
-Erving Goffman

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13
Q

the study of social interaction in terms of theatrical performance
~this is what actors do, it could be in a play or a tv show, but those real-life people are portraying a character, so they must understand how the character thinks to be able to play that character
-Erving Goffman

A

dramaturgy

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14
Q

define Personal front

A

Performance tactics, such as clothing, appearance, manner
~you can normally tell someone’s occupation based on their clothing and objects they’re holding or around
-a doctor wears scrubs, a white coat, they hold a tablet/clipboard, and typically a stethoscope
-Erving Goffman

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15
Q

Performance tactics, such as clothing, appearance, manner
~you can normally tell someone’s occupation based on their clothing and objects they’re holding or around
-a doctor wears scrubs, a white coat, they hold a tablet/clipboard, and typically a stethoscope
-Erving Goffman

A

personal front

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16
Q

define Frontstage

A

places where we deliver our performance

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17
Q

places where we deliver our performance

A

frontstage

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18
Q

define Backstage

A

places where we rehearse and prepare for performances

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19
Q

places where we rehearse and prepare for performances

A

backstage

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20
Q

define Offstage

A

no performance happening at all

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21
Q

no performance happening at all

A

offstage

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22
Q

define Resocialization

A

process of replacing previously learned norms and values with new ones as a part of a transition in life

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23
Q

process of replacing previously learned norms and values with new ones as a part of a transition in life

A

resocialization

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24
Q

define Total institution

A

an institution that cuts individuals off from the rest of society so that their lives can be controlled & regulated
-erving goffman

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25
an institution that cuts individuals off from the rest of society so that their lives can be controlled & regulated -erving goffman
total institution
26
4 agents of socialization and explain them
1. family -most important -Teaches basic values and norms which shape identity 2. school -Provide education -hidden curriculum 3. Peer Groups -Typically replace influence of family during teen years 4. mass media -Defines what is important in society -Presents ideal images -Reinforces gender roles -Reproduces stereotypes
27
Hidden curriculum
set of values and behaviors deemed important in life
28
set of values and behaviors deemed important in life
hidden curriculum
29
define Status
a position in society that comes with a set of expectations
30
a position in society that comes with a set of expectations
status
31
define Ascribed status
received at birth, they’re given to us
32
received at birth, they’re given to us
ascribed status
33
define Embodied status
generated by physical characteristics
34
generated by physical characteristics
embodied status
35
define Achieved status
earned through personal effort
36
earned through personal effort
achieved status
37
define Master status
a status that is always relevant
38
a status that is always relevant
master status
39
define Roles
set of behaviors expected from a particular status
40
set of behaviors expected from a particular status
roles
41
define Role strain
occurs when roles attached to a single status lead to competing demands
42
occurs when roles attached to a single status lead to competing demands
role strain
43
define Role conflict
occurs when roles attached with one status clash with that of a different status
44
occurs when roles attached with one status clash with that of a different status
role conflict
45
define Role exit
process of leaving a role that we will no longer occupy
46
process of leaving a role that we will no longer occupy
role exit
47
define Role-taking emotions
emotions that require that we take the perspective of another person
48
emotions that require that we take the perspective of another person
role-taking emotion
49
define Feeling rules
norms regarding the expression and display of emotions
50
norms regarding the expression and display of emotions
feeling rules
51
define Emotional labor
process of evoking, suppressing, or managing feelings to create a public display of emotion
52
process of evoking, suppressing, or managing feelings to create a public display of emotion
emotional labor
53
define Group
a collection of people who share some attribute, identify with one another, and interact with each other
54
a collection of people who share some attribute, identify with one another, and interact with each other
group
55
define Primary groups
composed of people who are most important to our sense of self
56
composed of people who are most important to our sense of self
primary groups
57
define Secondary groups
larger and less personal
58
larger and less personal
secondary groups
59
define Social network
the web of direct and indirect ties connecting an individual to other people
60
the web of direct and indirect ties connecting an individual to other people
social network
61
define Social ties
connections between individuals
62
connections between individuals
social ties
63
define Durkheim’s anomie
loss of purpose that results from weaker social bonds
64
loss of purpose that results from weaker social bonds
Durkheim's anomie
65
define Group dynamics
patterns of interaction between group and individuals
66
patterns of interaction between group and individuals
group dynamics
67
define Dyad
two person social group
68
two person social group
dyad
69
define Triad
a three person social group
70
a three person social group
triad
71
define In-group
a group that identifies with and feels loyalty toward
72
a group that identifies with and feels loyalty toward
in-group
73
define Out-group
a group that a person feels opposition, rivalry, or hostility toward
74
a group that a person feels opposition, rivalry, or hostility toward
out-group
75
define Reference group
a group that provides a standard of comparison against which we evaluate ourselves
76
a group that provides a standard of comparison against which we evaluate ourselves
reference group
77
define Group cohesion
the sense of solidarity or loyalty that individuals feel toward a group to which they belong
78
the sense of solidarity or loyalty that individuals feel toward a group to which they belong
group cohesion
79
define Groupthink
the tendency of very cohesive groups to enforce a high degree of conformity among members, creating a demand for unanimous agreement
80
the tendency of very cohesive groups to enforce a high degree of conformity among members, creating a demand for unanimous agreement
groupthink
81
define Social influence
the influence of the group on individual attitudes and behaviors
82
the influence of the group on individual attitudes and behaviors
social influence
83
What is Durkheim’s term for a state of normlessness?
anomie
84
define Compliance
actions to gain reward or avoid punishment
85
actions to gain reward or avoid punishment
compliance
86
define Identification
conformity to establish or maintain a relationship with a person or group
87
conformity to establish or maintain a relationship with a person or group
identification
88
define Internalization
an individual adopts the beliefs or actions of a group as their own
89
an individual adopts the beliefs or actions of a group as their own
internalization
90
define Social loafing
as more people are added to a task, each one takes it a little easier
91
as more people are added to a task, each one takes it a little easier
social loafing
92
define Power
the ability to control the actions of others
93
the ability to control the actions of others
power
94
define Coercive power
backed by the threat of force
95
backed by the threat of force
coercive power
96
define Influential power
supported by persuasion
97
supported by persuasion
influential power
98
Max Weber’s three types of authority are
1. traditional 2. legal-rational 3. charismatic
99
define Traditional authority
based in custom, birthright, or divine right
100
based in custom, birthright, or divine right
traditional authority
101
define Legal-rational authority
based on laws, rules, and procedures
102
based on laws, rules, and procedures
legal-rational authority
103
define Charismatic authority
based in the perception of remarkable personal qualities in a leader
104
based in the perception of remarkable personal qualities in a leader
charismatic authority
105
define Instrumental leader
task or goal oriented; concerned with getting the job done
106
task or goal oriented; concerned with getting the job done
instrumental leader
107
define Expressive leader
concerned with maintaining emotional and relational harmony within the group
108
concerned with maintaining emotional and relational harmony within the group
expressive leader
109
define Bureaucracy
a type of secondary group designed to perform tasks efficiently
110
a type of secondary group designed to perform tasks efficiently
bureaucracy
111
Characteristics of a Bureaucracy
1. Specialization 2. Hierarchy of authority 3. Rules & regulations 4. Formal written communication 5. Impersonal 6. Technical competence
112
define Specialization
specialized experts perform specific tasks
113
specialized experts perform specific tasks
specialization
114
define Hierarchy of authority
each position is under supervision
115
each position is under supervision
hierarchy of authority
116
define Rules & regulations
ensure uniform performance of tasks
117
ensure uniform performance of tasks
rules and regulations
118
define Formal written communication
ensure effective communication
119
ensure effective communication
formal written communication
120
define Impersonal
rules before people
121
rules before people
impersonal
122
define Technical competence
members meet given qualifications for their role
123
members meet given qualifications for their role
technical competence
124
McDonaldization of Society (Ritzer 1993)
Emphasizes the standardized consumer experience
125
Emphasizes the standardized consumer experience
McDonaldization of Society (Ritzer 1993)
126
define Deviance
a behavior, trait, or belief that departs from a norm
127
a behavior, trait, or belief that departs from a norm
deviance
128
define Social control
formal and informal strategies for preventing deviant human behavior in any society
129
formal and informal strategies for preventing deviant human behavior in any society
social control
130
Social Control Theory
argues that strong bonds increase conformity and decrease deviance
131
argues that strong bonds increase conformity and decrease deviance
social control theory
132
Structural strain theory
there are goals in our society that people want to achieve, but they cannot always reach these goals
133
there are goals in our society that people want to achieve, but they cannot always reach these goals
structural strain theory
134
define Differential association
deviance is learned through interacting with deviant peers
135
deviance is learned through interacting with deviant peers
differential association
136
define Labeling theory
deviance is caused by external judgments (labels) that change a person’s self-concept and the way others respond to them -developed by Howard Becker
137
deviance is caused by external judgments that change a person’s self-concept and the way others respond to them -developed by Howard Becker
labeling theory
138
define Self-fulfilling prophecy
a prediction that causes itself to come true
139
a prediction that causes itself to come true
Self-fulfilling prophecy
140
define Stereotype threat
self-fulfilling prophecy in which negative stereotypes about one’s social group causes poor performance
141
self-fulfilling prophecy in which negative stereotypes about one’s social group causes poor performance
Stereotype threat
142
define Stereotype promise
self-fulfilling prophecy in which positive stereotypes lead to positive performance outcomes
143
self-fulfilling prophecy in which positive stereotypes lead to positive performance outcomes
Stereotype promise
144
define Crime
violation of a norm that has been codified into law
145
violation of a norm that has been codified into law
Crime
146
Criminal justice system includes:
police, courts, corrections
147
define Violent crime
crimes against the person
148
crimes against the person
violent crime
149
define Property crime
crimes against property
150
crimes against property
property crime
151
define Victimless crime
willing exchange among adults of widely desired, but illegal, goods and services
152
willing exchange among adults of widely desired, but illegal, goods and services
victimless crime
153
define White-collar crime
crime committed by a high-status person in the course of their occupation
154
crime committed by a high-status person in the course of their occupation
white-collar crime
155
define Victimization surveys
surveys of ordinary people to determine whether they have been victims of crime
156
surveys of ordinary people to determine whether they have been victims of crime
victimization surveys
157
Types of Punishment
1. Deterrence 2. Retribution 3. Incapacitation 4. Rehabilitation
158
define Deterrence
prevent crime by threatening harsh penalties
159
prevent crime by threatening harsh penalties
deterrence
160
define Retribution
retaliate or take revenge for a crime that’s been committed
161
retaliate or take revenge for a crime that’s been committed
retribution
162
define Incapacitation
remove criminals from society by imprisoning them
163
remove criminals from society by imprisoning them
Incapacitation
164
define Rehabilitation
reform criminals so that they may reenter society
165
reform criminals so that they may reenter society
rehabilitation

Hannah Brotherton (19 decks)

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