Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Med Surg 2 > MI/Angina/CAD > Flashcards

MI/Angina/CAD Flashcards

(67 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What does ‘Cath Lab’ refer to?

A

A specialized medical facility for cardiovascular procedures

Includes angioplasty, angiogram, and CABG.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a normal creatinine level?

A

0.9 - 1.2

Creatinine levels above 1.3 require reporting.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What should be done if a patient’s creatinine is over 1.3?

A

REPORT immediately

Also check urine output; below 30 ml/hr is concerning.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How long before and after a procedure should Metformin be stopped?

A

48 hours

This is to prevent complications related to renal function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does a non-palpable pedal pulse indicate?

A

Call healthcare provider (HCP)

Indicates possible perfusion issues.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the goal of stable angina management?

A

No chest pain during daily activities

Activities include combing hair, dressing, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the maximum number of nitroglycerin doses a patient can take for chest pain?

A

3 doses

Taken 5 minutes apart; call 911 if pain persists.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How should nitroglycerin be administered?

A

Sublingually (SL)

Do not swallow; place under the tongue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a common adverse effect of nitroglycerin?

A

Headache (HA)

It is considered a normal side effect.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the signs of cardiogenic shock after a myocardial infarction (MI)?

A

Severe hypotension

Requires immediate medical attention.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a contraindication for using isosorbide?

A

Sildenafil (‘-afil’ drugs)

Using them together can be fatal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What should be monitored for chronic heart failure?

A

Rapid weight gain, worsening crackles, sudden edema

Indicates fluid overload.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the proper storage for nitroglycerin?

A

Avoid light and heat

Do not store in pill boxes or cars; use a purse.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What should a patient do if a nitro patch falls off?

A

Take nitro (pill/spray)

New patch can take 40-60 minutes to work.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the administration frequency for a nitro patch?

A

Once daily

Do not use more than one patch at a time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What areas should be avoided for nitro patch application?

A

Hairy, scarred, burned, calloused, broken skin

Must be a clean, dry, shaven area.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a key point about applying a nitro patch?

A

Rotate locations daily

Teach patients to wash hands after application.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What type of angina is characterized as ‘unpredictable’?

A

Unstable angina

It is unrelieved with rest.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is a common side effect of hypotension when using nitroglycerin?

A

Need for slow position changes

This helps prevent dizziness or fainting.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are Antiplatelets and their potency compared to anticoagulants?

A

Antiplatelets are less potent than anticoagulants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the normal platelet count range?

A

150-400k

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the risks associated with a platelet count less than 50k?

A

RISKY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the INR range for Warfarin?

A

2.5-3.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the antidote for Warfarin?

A

Vitamin K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What does aPTT stand for in relation to Heparin?
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time
26
What is the aPTT range for Heparin?
46-70
27
What is the antidote for Heparin?
Protamine Sulfate
28
List some conditions that increase bleed risk.
* Peptic ulcers * Active bleeds * Use of NSAIDs * Use of certain vitamins (Echinacea, Garlic, etc.)
29
What should be avoided before a CATH LAB or surgery?
NPO 6 - 12 hours
30
What indicates a Myocardial Infarction?
(+) Positive Troponin
31
What is the priority treatment for a clot in a heart attack?
Remove the clot
32
What are the types of clot busters?
* Thrombolytics * Fibrinolytics
33
What is the duration of t-PA (Alteplase, Streptokinase) effect?
8 hours
34
What should be avoided after a CABG procedure?
* Heavy lifting * Baths
35
What are the contraindications for thrombolytics?
* Active bleeds * Peptic ulcers * History of arteriovenous malformations * Intracranial hemorrhage * Hypertension (over 180/110)
36
What should be done if a stress test is stopped?
Chest pain or ST elevation
37
What should be avoided 24-48 hours before a chemical stress test?
* Cigarettes * Caffeine * Certain medications (Nitro, Beta Blockers)
38
What is the NPO requirement before and after a stress test?
4 hours
39
What does a positive Troponin test indicate?
Heart Attack (MI)
40
What is the significance of ST elevation in a stress test?
Indicates potential heart issues
41
What is Myocardial Infarction (MI)?
Necrosis of heart muscles due to lack of oxygen from coronary artery blockage ## Footnote MI is often referred to as a heart attack.
42
What are common signs and symptoms of a Myocardial Infarction?
* Pain (jaw, back, mid back/shoulder, heartburn, substernal) * Shortness of breath (dyspnea) * Nausea/Vomiting * Sweating (diaphoresis) * Pale cool skin (dusky) * Anxiety ## Footnote Key words include sudden, crushing, and radiating pain.
43
List the risk factors associated with Myocardial Infarction.
* Stress * Smoking * Obesity (BMI over 25) * Diabetes & Hypertension (over 140/90) * High cholesterol diet (animal fats) * Age (over 50) and African American males * Men more than women ## Footnote SODDA is a mnemonic for these risk factors.
44
What does CAM stand for in the context of MI progression?
* C - Coronary artery disease (CAD) * A - Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) * M - Myocardial Infarction (MI) ## Footnote Angina can be stable (relieved with rest) or unstable (unrelieved).
45
What is the first diagnostic test for Myocardial Infarction?
EKG (electrocardiogram) ## Footnote Look for ST elevation or ST depression indicating blockage.
46
What lab value is a key indicator of a Myocardial Infarction?
Troponin (over 0.5 ng/mL) ## Footnote It is the only indicator of MI among trauma labs.
47
Fill in the blank: The recommended diet for MI patients should be low in _______.
sodium and fluids (2g/2L per day) ## Footnote This helps prevent heart failure.
48
What are the pharmacological treatments during chest pain?
* Oxygen * Aspirin * Nitroglycerin (under tongue, max 3) * Morphine (for pain) ## Footnote These treatments aim to relieve pain and improve oxygenation.
49
What is the purpose of Heparin in MI treatment?
Prevents clot growth (does not dissolve clots) ## Footnote Use PTT (46-70) to monitor and Protamine Sulfate as the antidote.
50
What are the cautionary measures for administering Beta Blockers?
* Bad for heart failure patients * Bradycardia (HR 60 or less) * Low BP * Breathing problems (asthma, COPD) * Blood sugar masking (diabetics) ## Footnote Beta blockers lower blood pressure and heart rate.
51
True or False: Calcium Channel Blockers are safe for patients with low HR and BP.
False ## Footnote They should be avoided in such cases.
52
What are the signs of elevated potassium in MI patients?
Muscle cramps, spasms, peaked T waves, ST changes ## Footnote Elevated potassium can lead to heart complications.
53
What is the first choice medication upon discharge for MI patients?
ACE inhibitors (-pril) ## Footnote Lisinopril is a common example.
54
Fill in the blank: Patients should avoid _______ while taking Statins.
grapefruit ## Footnote Grapefruit can increase the risk of side effects.
55
What does the acronym DURING stand for in the context of chest pain management?
D-U-A-N-M: O-Oxygen, A-Asa, N-Nitro, M-Morphine ## Footnote This acronym helps remember the immediate steps to take during chest pain.
56
What is the role of Heparin in clot stabilization after a myocardial infarction (MI)?
Prevents clot growth; does not dissolve clots ## Footnote t-PA is used to dissolve clots, whereas Heparin prevents further growth.
57
What is the therapeutic range for PTT when administering Heparin?
46 - 70 seconds ## Footnote The maximum is noted as '3 x MAX'.
58
What is the antidote for Heparin?
Protamine Sulfate ## Footnote This is used to reverse the effects of Heparin.
59
What class of medications do Beta Blockers belong to and what is their primary effect?
Beta Blockers (-lol); they block both BP and HR ## Footnote Atenolol is a common example.
60
What are the cautionary considerations for using Beta Blockers?
Heart Failure, Bradycardia, Breathing Problems, Blood Sugar Masking ## Footnote Each 'B' represents a different caution associated with Beta Blockers.
61
What is the function of Calcium Channel Blockers?
Calm BP & HR ## Footnote Examples include Nifedipine, Diltiazem, and Verapamil.
62
What should be avoided when using Nitroglycerin?
Viagra (-afil) ## Footnote The combination can lead to severe hypotension and death.
63
What are the first and second choices for antihypertensive medications after MI?
1st: Ace (-pril); 2nd: ARBs (-sartan) ## Footnote Lisinopril and Losartan are examples.
64
What are the main precautions to take when administering Ace inhibitors?
Avoid pregnancy, angioedema, cough, elevated creatinine, elevated K+ ## Footnote These precautions help mitigate risks associated with Ace inhibitors.
65
What is the normal range for creatinine levels?
0.9 - 1.2 ## Footnote Elevated levels may indicate kidney issues.
66
Fill in the blank: High potassium levels can lead to ______.
High Pump ## Footnote This refers to the increased cardiac workload associated with elevated potassium.
67
What should be monitored for in patients with elevated potassium levels?
Muscle cramps, spasms, peaked T waves, ST changes ## Footnote These signs indicate potential cardiac complications.

Med Surg 2 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions