mic 3 Flashcards
(25 cards)
What organisms are commonly associated with UTI?
E coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Morganella, Serratia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus, Candida (antibiotic exposure/catheter colonisation)
What are the types of UTIs?
Cystitis (Lower tract UTI), Pyelonephritis, CAUTIs
What samples should be sent for UTI diagnosis?
Mid Stream Urine Culture, Urine, Blood Culture (febrile/sepsis), Catheter sample
Does a positive culture always indicate infection?
Positive culture DOES NOT mean infection
What is the reliability of dipstix/UFEME for UTI diagnosis?
Dipstix/UFEME unreliable
What is the management for UTI?
Antibiotics (3-7 days); Men require a longer course than women; IV antibiotics followed by PO antibiotics if improving after 48 hrs; 7-14 days of antibiotics
What defines Asymptomatic Bacteriuria?
Presence of 10^5 CFU/ml bacteria in urine culture; Common in > 65 years old
When should Asymptomatic Bacteriuria be treated with antibiotics?
If the patient is pregnant or undergoing a urological procedure/surgery
What is a nephrostomy?
Specimen: Nephrostomy means the surgeon put a tube in the kidney to drain urine; it’s not from a catheter/mid stream urine
What are the typical pathogens for Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)?
Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae
What are the atypical pathogens for Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)?
Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila
What viruses are associated with respiratory tract infections?
Influenza
What pathogens are associated with Hospital Acquired Pneumonia (HAP)?
Gram -ve infection = multi drug resistant; Coliforms (Enterobacteriaceae), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter, MRSA, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae
What is Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP)?
Pneumonia occurs 48-72 hrs after endotracheal intubation; Pathogens similar to HAP
What is Aspiration Pneumonia?
From aspiration of food/mouth flora/gastric content; Pathogens include patient’s mouth flora (Streptococci, anaerobes)
What samples should be sent to the lab for pneumonia diagnosis?
Sputum, Endotracheal Aspirate, Bronchio-alveolar Lavage; Gram Stain, C&S, PCR, Blood culture (if patient is febrile/septic)
What is the presentation of Cellulitis?
Red, hot, tender skin; Involves subcutaneous tissue
What organisms are commonly associated with Cellulitis?
Staph Aureus, Group A strep (Beta-haemolytic Strep)
What are the characteristics of Impetigo?
Honey coloured crusted lesions around the perioral region; Starts as a vesicle → ruptures
What is Intertrigo?
Sticky, redness (warm and wet conditions); Organisms include Staph Aureus, Candida
What is Lymphangitis?
Tender track on forearm; Commonly caused by Group A strep
What are the characteristics of Erysipelas?
Bilateral tender and erythematous sections on skin; Caused by Group A Strep
What defines Gas Gangrene?
Presence of crepitus; Infection of muscle; Rapid, life threatening; Typically after DEEP trauma
What organisms are associated with Gas Gangrene?
Clostridium perfringens (necrotic tissue), Group A Strep (spontaneous/haematogenous)
