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Micro 1 Flashcards

1
Q

when first bacteria was accurately described

A

1674

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2
Q

cell theory

A

cells give rise to more cells

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3
Q

Koch’s postulates

A

one organism, one disease

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4
Q

human pathogen Koch’s postulates don’t work with

A

syphilis

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5
Q

issue of Koch’s postulate with viruses

A

can only infect living hosts

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6
Q

disease causing agents that Koch identified

A

cholera, anthrax, tb

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7
Q

germ theory of disease

A

microorganisms can infect other organisms and cause disease

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8
Q

causing agent of yeast infections

A

Candida albicans

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9
Q

toxin produced by some fungi

A

alpha toxin

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10
Q

protozoa

A

no cell wall

motility is a feature of their classification

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11
Q

bacteria that eats the Titanic

A

Halomonas titanicae

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12
Q

bacterial size

A

0.1-600 micrometers

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13
Q

smallest bacterium

A

Mycoplasma genetalium (100-200 nm)

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14
Q

largest bacterium

A

Thiomargarita namibiensis (1 mm)

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15
Q

eg of coccus bacterium

A

Micrococcus

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16
Q

eg of bacillus

A

Salmonella

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17
Q

short, curved rod

A

vibrio

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18
Q

2 types of spirillum

A

Campylobacter-food poisoning (chicken)

Helicobacter-in human stomachs

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19
Q

eg of spirochete

A

Borrelia-lyme disease

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20
Q

chains

A

Enterococcus

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21
Q

group of 8 cells

A

sarcinae

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22
Q

cell membrane stabilization

A

H bonds
Mg2+
hydrophylic interactions

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23
Q

differences between bacterial and archaeal membranes

A

chemical bonds in lipids (2 esters vs 2 ethers)
lipid side chains (fatty acids vs isoprene)
overall structure (bilayer vs unilayer or bilayer)

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24
Q

molecule related to cholesterol that adds strength to membrane

A

hapinoids (planar, hydrophobic molc)

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25
sugar transport
group translocation
26
peptidoglycan
makes up bacterial cell wall-flexible mesh | made of NAG (G) and NAM (M)
27
lysozyme
breaks the beta 1-4 bond in peptidoglycan
28
teichoic acids
``` provide cell structure for GP negatively charged (easier to bind cations) ```
29
Staphylococcus aureus
more likely to block lysozymes because of modifications to its cell wall (teichoic acids)
30
periplasm
where the cell wall is found in GN | filled with peptidoglycan, water, and proteins
31
murein lipoprotein
connects om with periplasm
32
lipopolysaccharides
LPS lipid A core polysaccharide O polysaccharides
33
lipid A
lipid portion of LPS | endotoxin (antigenic)
34
antigenic
induces the immune system to overreact and causes inflammation when it is released
35
core polysaccharide
invariable polysaccharide
36
O-polysaccharide
long, repeating, variable polysaccharide
37
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
changes its O polysaccharides while inside host
38
porin
allow hydrophobic molc to pass through the om
39
mycobacteria
mycolic acid gives it a waxy outside acid fast bacteria heating them melts the outside layer will crumble if picked up
40
mycoplasma
mycoplasma pneumonia high sterol content in the membrane-hopanoids pleomorphic must be in a host to protect against lysis
41
pleomorphic
variable shapes
42
pilli
protein filaments DNA transfer adhesions at the tip: binding specificity
43
capsule
thick, polysaccharide coating for the cell
44
Bacillus anthracis
polyglutamate capsule
45
protective capsule eg
Strep pneumonia-cannot enter lungs/cause disease without it
46
attachment capsule eg
Strep mutans-cause cavities/stick to enamel
47
types of flagella
polar monotrichous (Vibrio cholerae) lophotrichous (Helicobacter pylori) peritrichous
48
flagellum stats
100,000 rpm 1000 H+ per second 50-60 cell lengths/sec
49
swarming patterns
dendrites-pseudomonas | bullseye-proteus
50
taxis
directed movement towards a stimulant or away from an irritant
51
popular target for antibiotics
ribosomes
52
50S rRNA
23S rRNA 5S rRNA 31 "L" proteins
53
30S rRNA
16S rRNA | 21 "S" proteins
54
2009 Nobel prize for chemistry
structure of ribosomes
55
23S rRNA ribozyme
catalytic RNA | forms peptide bonds during translation
56
bacterial chromosome
~50 domains | no introns or split genes
57
plasmid genes
antibiotic resistant toxin resistant some eat TNT
58
cytoplasmic proteins
determine cell morphology | FtsZ, MreB, crescentin
59
FtsZ
diameter
60
MreB
polymerizes in rod shaped cells
61
crescentin
groups on one side of vibrio and crescent shaped cells
62
sporulation stats
over 200 genes involved | 8 hrs
63
endospore components
Ca and dipicolinic acid (DPA)-core | SASPs
64
SASPs
protect spore from UV radiation | small acid soluble proteins
65
spore eg
anthrax in spore form can be used as a bioweapon
66
macronutrients
SCHNOPS, Mg, Ca, K
67
micronutrients
Co, Cu, Ni, Zn, Fe, Mo, Mn, Se
68
siderophores
Bind Fe3+ for transport into the cell | eg. hydroximate siderophores
69
iron abstinence bacterium
borrelia burgdorferi (lyme disease)
70
group translocation
Phosphate from PEP (phosphoenolpyruvate) is passed along common elements of the PTS to the enzyme II and proteins Substrates are formed by phosphorylation during transport The II B protein takes the phosphate group from PEP and transfers it to glucose
71
mannitol salt agar
high salt conc | only staphylococcus can live on it

Biology (9 decks)

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