Micro 2

Question 1

the part of the DNA sequence that codes for proteins

Answer 1

compact genome

Question 2

loops of DNA anchored around histone-like proteins

Answer 2

supercoiled domain

Question 3

length of initiation sequence

Answer 3

250 bp

Question 4

length of termination sequence

Answer 4

20 bp

Question 5

replication where each daughter cell has 1 DNA strand from parent cell

Answer 5

semiconservative replication

Question 6

part of DNA replisome that untangles DNA

Answer 6

gyrase

Question 7

plasmids can’t take up the same cytoplasmic space if they

Answer 7

if they’re in the same incompatibility group

Question 8

properties of plasmids

Answer 8

resistant to antibiotics
degrade complex macromolecules
virulence factors
resistant to heavy metals

Question 9

plasmid that produces bacteriocin

Answer 9

ColE-1

Question 10

bacteriocin

Answer 10

kills bacteria that don’t contain ColE-1 plasmid

Question 11

how are R plasmids transferred

Answer 11

conjugation

Question 12

how many of 1 type of plasmid is in the cell

Answer 12

copy number

Question 13

how copy number is controlled

Answer 13

through plasmid ori

Question 14

type of bacterium that the plasmid can replicate in

Answer 14

host range

Question 15

plasmids can duplicate in very different bacteria

Answer 15

shuttle plasmids

Question 16

genes in Agrobacterium tumerfaciens

Answer 16

T-DNA
VirA
VirG
VirD
VirE

Question 17

VirA

Answer 17

sensor (senses plant injury)

Question 18

VirG

Answer 18

increases transcription of other Vir genes

Question 19

VirD

Answer 19

causes single stranded nick in T-DNA

Question 20

VirE

Answer 20

coats the T-DNA single stranded region

Question 21

parts of RNA Polymerase

Answer 21

2 alphas, 1 beta, 1 beta’, and 1 omega

Question 22

all sigma factors besides sigma 70

Answer 22

alternative sigma factors

Question 23

location of sigma factors

Answer 23

free in cytoplasm or bound to proteins

Question 24

RNA polymerase and sigma factors

Answer 24

RNAp holoenzyme

Question 25

RNA cofactor

Answer 25

Mg (stabilizes 3' OH so phosphodiester bond can occur)

Question 26

transcription bubble

Answer 26

promoter melting

Question 27

what Rho binds to

Answer 27

GC rich region of mRNA

Question 28

components of Rho independent termination

Answer 28

hairpin, NusA protein, and RNAp

Question 29

ribozyme

Answer 29

23S (catalyzes peptide bond formation during translation)

Question 30

Newly formed proteins that haven't folded yet

Answer 30

nascent proteins

Question 31

part of mRNA that is complementary to RBS

Answer 31

16S (allows 30S to connect with mRNA)

Question 32

influences on regulation

Answer 32

energy source utilization amino acid synthesis attachment host defense evasion

Question 33

when a repressor blocks RNAp from binding to promoter

Answer 33

steric hindrance

Question 34

How is lac operon regulated?

Answer 34

negative regulation

Question 35

CAP

Answer 35

catabolite activator protein

Question 36

concentration of this type of molc will affect things in the cell

Answer 36

affector molc

Question 37

allowing cells to prioritize C and energy sources

Answer 37

catabolite repression (CAP and cAMP)

Question 38

artificial allolactose substitute

Answer 38

IPTG

Question 39

artificial lactose substitute

Answer 39

ONPG

Question 40

a molc that operates with the repressor and stops translation

Answer 40

co-repressor (trp)

Question 41

what GN use for quorum sensing

Answer 41

AHL (acyl homoserine lactone)

Question 42

what GP use for quorum sensing

Answer 42

peptides

Question 43

what quorum sensing molc are called

Answer 43

auto inducers

Question 44

chemical that removes clots formed by coagulase

Answer 44

staphylokinase