Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

From Flashcardlet > Micro > Flashcards

Micro Flashcards

(44 cards)

Start Studying
0
Q

Mucormycosis (Rhisopus, Mucor, Absidia)

A 
90 deg branching 
diabetic/ transpl/ neutropenic/Fe chel/ burn
Rhinocerebral- necrotizing
Disseminated
Diagnosis: KOH
Treatment: surgical, ampho B
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Aspergillosis

A. fumigatus, A. flavus, A nigier

A

30 deg branching hyphae
Neutropenia assoc
ABPA, invasive pulm, invasive sinusiitis, disseminated (necrotic)
Diagn: KOH, mannitol, PCR
Treat: Voriconnazole, posaconazole (Prophylax), caspofungin- prophyl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Trichophyton (T. capitis, T coporis, T pedis, t cruris)

A 
hair, skin, nails (onchomycosis)
diagn: KOH prep
Treat: T. cap- oral griseofulvine, terbinafine
T ped: topical terbinafine, azole
T. c: topical azole
oncho: oral terbinafine or itraconaizole
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Candida (C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. parapilosis, C. glabrata, C. krusei)

A

thrush/esoph/ GI
Vaginitis/ diaper rash
UTI/ Cath
C. glab= diabetic; c. trop= neutropenic
Diagn: KOH, D-arabinitol, germ tube culture
Treat: azole (C. glab, kruz resist- casponfungin, voricon)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cryptococcosis (C. neoformans, C. gattii)

A

antiphagocytic capsule
pulm, CNS, dissem (skin, bone)
Diagn: india ink/ gram stain, antigen
treat: amph B, fluconazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Sporotrichosis (s. schenkii)

A

worldwide, gardeners
skin papule– bbone, lung, meninges
Diagn: culture, micro
Treat: itraconizole, other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Histoplasmosis (H. capsulatum)

A

worldwide, esp midwest
resembles Tb
Diagn: immunoassay
Treat: (not for normal), liposomal amph B, itraconizole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q 
Blastomycosis (B. dermatidis)
Incr severe CMI def
granuloma-- pneumonia, skin ulcer
Diagn: budding yeast in KOH
Treat: itraconazole, liposomal Amph B
A

Cocciomycosis (C. immitus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cocciomycosis (C. immitus)

A 
Valley Fever
Sonoran
Tcell, CMI imp
asymptomatic, severe nec/ cav phenumonia; bone, joint, kidney, meninges;
erythema nodosum (pretibial)
Diagn: spherules in hist, Ab test
Treat: flucon/ itrac, amph B
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Paracoccioidomycosis (P. brasiliensis)

A 
S. am, rural
30-60yo adult- pulm, progressive
kids, <30- dissem, aplastic anemia, die
Diagn: culture, microscopy (multiple buds)
Treat: sulfonamide, amp B
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

P. jiroveckii

A

person- person and airborne
(HIV, steroid taper, malnourished infant)
Insidious pneuomnia, low pO2, diffuse bilat, ground glass
Dagn: sputum/ BAL
Treat: TMP-SMX, TMP-dapsone
(Proph- TMP-SXT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

P. falciparum

A

deadliest, infect all RBC
cerebral seq, hypoglycemia, pulm edema, marro supr
banana shaped- gamet
Treat: quinine tetracycline or clinda or pyramethane/ sulfa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

P. vivax

A

not W afr
relapsing- latent liver
Treat: primaquine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

P. malariae, P. ovale, P. knowlesi

A

malar: long incubation, prolonged, 72h cycle
ovale; tropical afr, latent liver
knowleesi: monkey, S. asia, more severe p. mal
Treat: choloroquine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Babesia

A 
Ixodes vector, US NE
prodrome+anemia, renal, HSM
incr risk asplenic, HIV, >50
Diagn: Blood smear, serol/ pcr
Treat: clindamycin/ quinine; atrovague/ azith
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Giardia lambia

A 
fecal oral spread of cyst
kids 1-9, camping, swimming, daycare
foul smelling, no blood diarrhea; flatulence and bloating
Diagn: O&P, antigen det
Treat: metronidazole
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cryptosporidium

A 
obligate intracellular
kids 1-9, 25-29; day care, nosocomial, swimming
profuse, watery diarrhea cramping
D:: direct micro, EIA/IFA
Treat: nitrazoxonide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cyclospora

Study These Flashcards
A

Oocyte in stool, sporulate external (no person-person)
diarrhea, upper GI
Diagn: acid fast/ autoflor/ safranin
Therapy: TMP-SMX

18
Q

Amebiasis (Entamoeba histolytica)

Study These Flashcards
A

motile trophozoite causes disease, cysts spread- fecal-oral
trophozoite: kill epithel + inflam via proteinase, incr perm via tight jxn
flatulence + intermittend diarrhea to dysentery, hepatic abscess
D: O&P, antigen, serodiagnosis
ther: metranidazole, tinidazole

19
Q

Microsporidia

Study These Flashcards
A 
obligate intracel
agricultural
GI (encephaltizoan, enteocytozoan)
ocular (encenal, nosema, vittaforma)
d: spores in stool
treat: albendazole
20
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis

Study These Flashcards
A

vaginits// vaginosis
frothy discharge, itchy, dysuria
diagn: wet mount, culture
Treat: metronidazole

21
Q

African Trypanosomiasis

T.. bruceii gambiense, T. bruceii rhodesiense

Study These Flashcards
A 
extracell, tsetse fly
T. b. gamb: W, central Af
Tb rhod: E, SE Af
Triphasic: changre, LAD
Hemolymphatic: F, LAD< prurits, cardiac, anemia/thrombocy
weeks-years, fatal if not treated
CNS- sleeping sickeness
Diag: flagellates in sample
Treat: gamb: pentamide, eflurothinm, melorsoprol
rhod: suramin, pentamide, melorprol
22
Q

Chaga- T. cruze

Study These Flashcards
A

reduvid/ kissing bug
latin am, thatched roof housing
Chagoma, fever, LAD
chroncic: cardiomypathy, megacolon, megaesoph
D: microscopic (curved C shaped) in blood
chronic: serology, IFE/IEA
treat: NIfurtimox or benzinidazole

23
Q

Leishmania

Study These Flashcards
A

sandflies
cutaneous: ulcerating lesions S am, Middle east
visceral: india, sudan- HSM, anem, cytopen, darken + thin skin
Diagnosis: biops, smear, culture, molecular
Treat: viscera: lip, Amp B, pentavalent antimony; cutaneous: pentavlent, fluc/ dont treat

24
Toxoplasma
obligate intracellular; humoral + CMI mediated pregnant (early= more severe), congenital IC: CNS ring-enhancing lesion Diag: serol, histo, PCR Treawt: pyrimehtminole/sulfa; TMP/SMX prophyl
25
Enterobious vermicularis
pinworm kids, perinanal itching diagn- tape prep, visualize adult jfemale treat: mebendazole, albendazole, pyrantal pamoate
26
Trichuris trichuria
whipworm moist regions, 21d in soil for inf, live 10y asympt--- diarrhea, cramp, anemia daign: barrel-shape brown eggs with lucent mucoid plug treat: mebendazole, albendazole, pyrantal pamoate
27
Ascaris lumbricoides
``` highly prevalent (90% indonesia) still inf after 10y storage larvae: granulomatous pneumonitis adults: bowel obtr, malnut other probs due to migration diag: ova in stool treat: meb, alb, pyrant ```
28
hookworks (Necatur americanus, ancylostoma duodenale)
nect: worldwide, anc: af, chin, jap, ind larvae: penetrate skin, to lung, swallowed path: iron def, liver, hypoprot, HSM diagn: ova in stool Treat: meb alb, pran
29
strongyloides stercoralis
``` tropics, subropics, moist mature and mate in soil (larva in feces) skin--lungs-- SI ground itch, pneuomonitis larva currens- migrate skin diag: larva in stool treat: thabendazole, ivermectin, albendazole ```
30
Trhichinella spiralis
worldwide, temprate cyts in infected meat SI, muscle, joint pain, periorbital edema daig: muscle biopsy, serol ther: corticoster +/- mebendazole/ albendazole
31
Lymphatic filaria
wucheeria bancroftii-worldwide, brugia malayi-asia mosquito vector adults in LN, juvenile in blood lymphatic obstruction, lymphedema, pulm eosinophilia diagn: detect microfilaria, antigen for W bancroftii treat: diethylcarbamizine, ivermectin (retreat 6mo)
32
Onchocerciasis filaria
onchocerca volvulus- subsahar afr black fly vector adults- subcut nodule, juvenile- skin, subcut tissue river blindness, skin infl/ atrophy diagn: detect microfilaria treat: diethylcarbamizine, ivermectin (retreat 6mo)
33
Loa loa
``` loa loa, w, central Afr, rain forest horse or deer fly adult- cornia, subcut juvenile- blood edema, angioedema, pass across eye diagn: detect microfilaria treat: diethylcarbamizine, ivermectin (retreat 6mo) ```
34
Larva migrans
``` dog hookworm- ancylostemea larvae penetrate skin migrate to viscera and diee diagn: serology toxicara, presentation therapy: DEC, alb/meb ```
35
Taenia (T. saginata, T. solium)
T. sag- beef- subsar af, balkan, ME, LE, russia T. sol- pork- LA, af, SE as, eur Adult- human GI tract, shed egg, larva encyst in muscle of pig/cattle asympt-- abd pain, nausea, dizziness, ap, ha diagn: proglottids (crawl out anus), scotch tape ova in stool, recovery scolex treat: praziquantel
36
T. solium in tissue
``` fecal oral transmission endemic in rural mexico fibrous capsule in subcut conn tissue, eye, brain muscle, heart liver seiziures, hydroceph, ocular diagn: clinical, serology, immunoblot treat: albend/praziquant +/- steroids ```
37
Diphyllobrothium latum
``` fish tapeworm- cold water, fresh lake scand, N eur, russia, jap, NA crustacean eat egg, fish eat crust ab pain, diarrea, vom pernicious anemia in Finland Dagn: egg: operulum, knob other end Treat: praziquantel ```
38
Echinococcosis Hydatid (E. granulosus, E muilticerceis)
``` humans incedental host E gran- ME< Aust, NZ, Saf, Sam E multic- rare, northern ingestion of infective egg from dog feces larval- lungs, liver Egran- slow growing cyst Emult- invasive inf growth Diagn: radiographic, serology Therapy: albendazole, drainage ```
39
Hymenolpelis nana
dwarf tapeworm, worldwide + US fecal oral, arthropod host asympt-- cramp, diarreha, dizzy, seizure (neurotox)
40
Schistosome (S. mansoni, S. japonicum/ melongi, S. hematobium)
``` mans- af, ME, Sam, carib jap- SSE as Hematob- Afr, ME Snail in lifecycle cerceriae penetrate skin, migrate to venules man, jap, mek=GI; hemat- bladder/ ureter diagn: ova stool orurine, rectal/bladder biopsy Treat: praziquartel ```
41
Clonorchis (C. sinosis) and Opistorchis
clon-japan,korea, china, taiwan opistorchis- sibera, far east biliary tree-- shed eggs- snail- encyst in fish, fish eaten F, C, jaundice biliary ffibrosis, choangitis, pancreatitis dagn: ova in stool,, wide operculum treat: praziquantel
42
Fasciola hepatica
worldwide, sheep adult: bile duct (11y) Larvae- ingest via edible water plant chronic biilary fibrosis, late liver, parenchyma
43
Paragonimus
lung fluke, far east, east indies, pacific isl, W Af, LA poorly cooked shellfish encyst in lung- chornic bronchitis, hemoptysis eggs in feces/sputum

From Flashcardlet (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions